Symposium on the evaluation of the safety of food additives and chemical residues: III. The role of the chronic study in the laboratory animal for evaluation of safety

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Shubik
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Chronic Study

scholarly journals Sugar substitutes and dental health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Sweetening Agents ◽  
Day By Day

Sugar is one of the most widely consumed sweetening agents. Unfortunately, its use has been linked to various disease states, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and dental caries. Dental caries is a chronic disease which can affect us at any age. The role of sugar (and other fermentable carbohydrates such as highly refined flour) as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries is increasing day by day. Sugar substitutes are food additives that provide a sweet taste more or less similar to that of sugar and plays important role in control of dental caries.

Role of the Vagus Nerve in Fasted and Postprandial Gastic Motor Patterns in the House Musk Shrew ( Suncus Murinus ), a Small Laboratory Animal

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-866
Author(s):  
Yuki Miyano ◽  
Zuoyun Xie ◽  
Anupom Mondal ◽  
Kazuya Nishina ◽  
Sen-ichi Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Small Laboratory Animal ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Musk Shrew

Risk management options for endocrine disruptors in national and international programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2549-2553
Author(s):  
J. C. Lamb ◽  
H. B. W. M. Koëter ◽  
R. Becker ◽  
A. Gies ◽  
Les Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

This workshop was convened to address common issues and concerns associated with risk management of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The talks described the tools and policies for key Japanese, Australian, German, and U.S. regulatory agencies. The agencies participating in the workshop were responsible for the regulation of various substances including: chemicals, pesticides, environmental contamination, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. The panel also described the role of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in standardizing the tools and validation of testing and screening methods. The panel also included nongovernmental organizations presenting the views of the World Wildlife Fund, and the chemical industry from industrialized nations; each organization described its concerns and proposed approaches to risk management of EDCs. This summary highlights the most important areas of common points of view of government, industry, and environmentalists. We also try to identify issues upon which viewpoints diverge.

scholarly journals Virtue Ethics and Laboratory Animal Research

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Walker
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Animal Research Ethics ◽  
Human Animal

Abstract This article appeals to virtue ethics to help guide laboratory animal research by considering the role of character and flourishing in these practices. Philosophical approaches to animal research ethics have typically focused on animal rights or on the promotion of welfare for all affected, while animal research itself has been guided in its practice by the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement). These different approaches have sometimes led to an impasse in debates over animal research where the philosophical approaches are focused on whether or when animal studies are justifiable, while the 3Rs assume a general justification for animal work but aim to reduce harm to sentient animals and increase their welfare in laboratory spaces. Missing in this exchange is a moral framework that neither assumes nor rejects the justifiability of animal research and focuses instead on the habits and structures of that work. I shall propose a place for virtue ethics in laboratory animal research by considering examples of relevant character traits, the moral significance of human-animal bonds, mentorship in the laboratory, and the importance of animals flourishing beyond mere welfare.

Food additives containing nanoparticles induce gastrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and alterations in animal behavior: The unknown role of oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 111814
Author(s):  
Estefany I. Medina-Reyes ◽  
Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra ◽  
Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz ◽  
Daniel Díaz-Urbina ◽  
Yolanda I. Chirino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Food Additives

A DFT STUDY ON THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT OH GROUPS IN THE RADICAL SCAVENGING PROCESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 871-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SADASIVAM ◽  
R. JAYAPRAKASAM ◽  
R. KUMARESAN
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Dissociation Enthalpy

The molecular properties of robinetin and melanoxetin which are the two naturally occurring flavonoid compounds have been studied theoretically by means of density functional theory approach (DFT) at the level of B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The analysis of computed bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) values for both the flavonoid compounds indicate the role of B-ring for the significant antioxidant characteristics and the instability of the A-ring. It also concerns the dominant role of BDE mechanism for antioxidant activity than PDE, PA and ETE mechanisms. Ionization potential (IP) is also found to be trustworthy in the study of antioxidant activity and the computed IP magnitudes are in agreement with the values of synthetic food additives. Further, the various molecular descriptors along with the plot of frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken spin population analysis have been obtained and the validity of Koopmans' theorem is also verified with reference to antioxidant behavior.

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