The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of
medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern
sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European
countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of
modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th
century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the
world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and
practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people
to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and
commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city
lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased
psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports
and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international
recognition and prestige for the nations.