Staining of magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei with vasopressin anti-idiotype antibody: a potential method for receptor immunocytochemistry

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Knigge ◽  
Diane T. Piekut ◽  
David J. Berlove ◽  
Jeffrey T. Junig ◽  
Patricia A. Melrose
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei

Immunocytochemical Localization of Angiotensin II and Vasopressin in Rat Hypothalamus: Evidence for Production in the Same Neuron

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 57s-60s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kilcoyne ◽  
D. L. Hoffman ◽  
E. A. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Parvocellular Neurons ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Vasopressin Precursor

1. By immunoperoxidase technique, immunoreactive angiotensin II (ANG II) was located in the cell bodies of many magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and their pathways to median eminence and posterior pituitary gland in the rat. 2. Like vasopressin and its neurophysin, but not oxytocin, ANG II was also found in parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. 3. Analysis of these peptides in the same magnocellular neurons reveals that ANG II is localized primarily in vasopressin cells. 4. Like vasopressin and its precursor, ANG II is deficient in homozygous Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus. 5. In adrenalectomized rats increases in vasopressin and its neurophysin in median eminence are associated with increases in ANG II. 6. The data suggest that the ANG II demonstrated shares antigenic determinants with the vasopressin precursor, or is regulated in a similar way to vasopressin in the same neurons.

scholarly journals Analysis of vasopressin gene expression by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in semi-thin sections.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Guitteny ◽  
P Böhlen ◽  
B Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Reaction Intensity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vasopressin Gene ◽  
Avp Gene

We have designed a procedure to investigate vasopressin (AVP) gene expression on plastic-embedded tissue by using in situ hybridization to detect AVP mRNA and immunohistochemistry to detect AVP. Rat brain was fixed and vibratome slices were incubated with a 45-base synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to AVP mRNA labeled with 35S, embedded in Araldite, and cut into semi-thin serial sections that were either processed for autoradiography or treated with an AVP antiserum. The results show that AVP mRNA is detectable in magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in both vibratome and semi-thin sections. Osmication after hybridization does not modify the signal. AVP mRNA is restricted to the cytoplasm of magnocellular neurons and to the proximal portion of certain processes. Neurons labeled with the AVP probe were also stained with the AVP antiserum. AVP mRNA quantity and the intensity of AVP immunoreactivity are not consistently related in neurons. At least two hypotheses must be considered to explain these differences: first, the procedure presently used could lead to a reaction intensity that does not exactly reflect the amount of antigen or mRNA present in cells; second, the difference observed may reflect the fact that transcriptional and translational events are not constantly linked and can be regulated differently from one AVP neuron to another. This method provides a way to detect mRNA on semi-thin sections together with antigenic molecules and to accurately investigate gene expression in complex tissues with optimal histological quality.

scholarly journals Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of oxytocin and vasopressin

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1672) ◽  
pp. 20140182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Ludwig ◽  
Javier Stern
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Peptidergic Neurons ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Peptide Release

The mammalian hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei are among the best understood of all peptidergic neurons. Through their anatomical features, vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing neurons have revealed many important aspects of dendritic functions. Here, we review our understanding of the mechanisms of somato-dendritic peptide release, and the effects of autocrine, paracrine and hormone-like signalling on neuronal networks and behaviour.

scholarly journals Internuclear coupling of hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei by glutamate synaptic circuits

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. R102-R111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherif Boudaba ◽  
Jeffrey G. Tasker
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Circuits ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Magnocellular Nuclei ◽  
Excitatory Synaptic Input ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Vasopressin Neurons

Magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) display bursting activity that is synchronized under certain conditions. They receive excitatory synaptic inputs from intrahypothalamic glutamate circuits, some of which are activated by norepinephrine. Ascending noradrenergic afferents and intrahypothalamic glutamate circuits may be responsible for the generation of synchronous bursting among oxytocin neurons and/or asynchronous bursting among vasopressin neurons located in the bilateral supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Here, we tested whether magnocellular neurons of the PVN receive excitatory synaptic input from the contralateral PVN and the region of the retrochiasmatic SON (SONrx) via norepinephrine-sensitive internuclear glutamate circuits. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in PVN magnocellular neurons in coronal hypothalamic slices from male rats, and the ipsilateral SONrx region and contralateral PVN were stimulated using electrical and chemical stimulation. Electrical and glutamate microdrop stimulation of the ipsilateral SONrx region or contralateral PVN elicited excitatory postsynaptic potentials/currents (EPSP/Cs) in PVN magnocellular neurons mediated by glutamate release, revealing internuclear glutamatergic circuits. Microdrop application of norepinephrine also elicited EPSP/Cs, suggesting that these circuits could be activated by activation of noradrenergic receptors. Repetitive electrical stimulation and drop application of norepinephrine, in some cases, elicited bursts of action potentials. Our data reveal glutamatergic synaptic circuits that interconnect the magnocellular nuclei and that can be activated by norepinephrine. These internuclear glutamatergic circuits may provide the functional architecture to support burst generation and/or burst synchronization in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons under conditions of activation.

Vasopressin gene transcription increases in response to decreases in plasma volume, but not to increases in plasma osmolality, in chronically dehydrated rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E213-E217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Arima ◽  
Motomitsu Goto ◽  
Ryouichi Banno ◽  
Minemori Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Magnocellular Neurons ◽  
Paraventricular Nuclei ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Osmotic Stimuli ◽  
Avp Gene

The synthesis of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) is physiologically regulated by plasma osmolality and volume. To clarify how the regulation of AVP gene transcription is affected by chronic dehydration, we examined changes in the transcriptional activities of AVP gene by plasma osmolality and volume in both euhydrated and dehydrated conditions. Euhydrated rats had free access to water, whereas dehydrated rats had been deprived of water for 3 days before experiments. Rats in both conditions were subjected to acute hypertonic stimuli or hypovolemia, and changes in AVP heteronuclear (hn)RNA levels, an indicator of gene transcription, in the SON and PVN were examined with in situ hybridization. The intraperitoneal (ip) injection (2% body wt) of hypertonic (1.5 M) saline increased plasma Na levels by ∼40 meq/l in both euhydrated and dehydrated conditions. However, expression levels of AVP hnRNA in the SON and PVN were increased only in euhydrated, not dehydrated, rats. On the other hand, ip injection of polyethylene glycol decreased the plasma volume by ∼16–20%, and AVP hnRNA levels in the SON and PVN were significantly increased in both conditions. Thus it is demonstrated that signaling pathways regulating AVP gene transcription in the magnocellular neurons were completely refractory to acute osmotic stimuli under the chronic dehydration and that AVP gene transcription could probably respond to acute hypovolemia through different intracellular signal transduction pathways from those for osmoregulation.

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