Air quality and its possible impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems of the North American Great Plains:††Great Plains: “High grassland region of central North America, extending from the Canadian provinces of Alta., Sask. and Man. S. into Tex.” (The American Heritage Dictionary, Second College Edition, 1985). An overview

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar V. Krupa ◽  
Allan H. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The North ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
Canadian Provinces

scholarly journals History of the Origin and Dispersal of White Pine Blister Rust

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
North American ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The North ◽  
Canadian Provinces

The center of diversity for white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer) most likely stretches from central Siberia east of the Ural Mountains to Asia, possibly bounded by the Himalayas to the south. The alternate hosts for WPBR, Asian five-needled pines (Pinus L.) and Ribes L. native to that region have developed WPBR resistance. Because the dispersal of C. ribicola to Europe and North America occurred within the last several hundred years, the North American five-needled white pines, Pinus subsections, Strobus and Parya, had no previous selection pressure to develop resistance. Establishment of WPBR in North American resulted when plants were transported both ways across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1705, Lord Weymouth had white pine (P. strobis L.), also called weymouth pine in Europe, seed and seedlings brought to England. These trees were planted throughout eastern Europe. In the mid-1800s, WPBR outbreaks were reported in Ribes and then in white pines in eastern Europe. The pathogen may have been brought to Europe on an infected pine from Russia. In the late 1800s American nurserymen, unaware of the European rust incidence, imported many infected white pine seedlings from France and Germany for reforestation efforts. By 1914, rust-infected white pine nursery stock was imported into Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin, and in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. The range of WPBR is established in eastern North America and the Pacific Northwest. New infection sites in Nevada, South Dakota, New Mexico and Colorado have been observed during the 1990s.

Ancestral trans−North American Bell River system recorded in late Oligocene to early Miocene sediments in the Labrador Sea and Canadian Great Plains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia I. Corradino ◽  
Alex Pullen ◽  
Andrew L. Leier ◽  
David L. Barbeau Jr. ◽  
Howie D. Scher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Detrital Zircon ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Zircon Age ◽  
North American Cordillera ◽  
The North

The Bell River hypothesis proposes that an ancestral, transcontinental river occupied much of northern North America during the Cenozoic Era, transporting water and sediment from the North American Cordillera to the Saglek Basin on the eastern margin of the Labrador Sea. To explore this hypothesis and reconstruct Cenozoic North American drainage patterns, we analyzed detrital zircon grains from the Oligocene−Miocene Mokami and Saglek formations of the Saglek Basin and Oligocene−Miocene fluvial conglomerates in the Great Plains of western Canada. U-Pb detrital zircon age populations in the Mokami and Saglek formations include clusters at <250 Ma, 950−1250 Ma, 1600−2000 Ma, and 2400−3200 Ma. Detrital zircons with ages of <250 Ma were derived from the North American Cordillera, supporting the transcontinental Bell River hypothesis. Oligocene−Miocene fluvial strata in western Canada contain detrital zircon age populations similar to those in the Saglek Basin and are interpreted to represent the western headwaters of the ancient Bell River drainage. Strontium-isotope ratios of marine shell fragments from the Mokami and Saglek formations yielded ages between 25.63 and 18.08 Ma. The same shells have εNd values of −10.2 to −12.0 (average = −11.2), which are consistent with values of Paleozoic strata in western North America but are more radiogenic than the modern Labrador Current, Labrador Sea Water, and North Atlantic Deep Water values (εNd ∼−12 to −25). As a freshwater source, the existence and termination of the Bell River may have been important for Labrador Sea circulation, stratification, and chemistry.

Staurothele nemorum sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Verrucariaceae), with a revised key to North American Staurothele s. lat.

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb A. MORSE ◽  
Douglas LADD
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
The South ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Great Plains

AbstractStaurothele nemorum is described as new to science from the southern Great Plains of central North America. The species is characterized by a thin, areolate, epilithic thallus, sessile perithecia, globose to oblong hymenial algal cells and 8-spored asci. Staurothele hymenogonia is restored to the North American flora, based on material from the south-western Great Plains. An updated key to North American members of Staurothele s. lat. is provided.

Jake Bluff: Clovis Bison Hunting on the Southern Plains of North America

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland C. Bement ◽  
Brian J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Southern Plains ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
The North ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Bison Antiquus ◽  
Large Animals

Clovis hunters of the North American Great Plains are known for their ability to hunt and scavenge mammoths. Less is known of their hunting strategies for other large animals, such as horse, camel, and bison, although remains of these animals have been found at several Clovis camps. Recent investigations of the Jake Bluff site on the southern Plains have identified a Clovis bison kill in an arroyo. The apparent use of an arroyo style trap for bison hunting provides the opportunity to study Clovis hunting strategies that came to be widely used during later Paleoindian times. The arroyo style bison trap is generally attributed to Folsom and later groups, and yet the Jake Bluff site yielded an association of Clovis-style projectile points with the remains of 22 Bison antiquus at the bottom of a short arroyo. The late date of 12,838 cal. BP suggests that the site spans the gap between the Clovis mammoth hunter and the Folsom bison hunter, indicating that some Clovis hunters developed the arroyo style bison trap to capture multiple bison at the same time, and as mammoths were extirpated from certain areas during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition.

13,000 years of communal bison hunting in western North America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Speth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Fall

For the past 13,000 years Indians in the North American Great Plains hunted bison (Bison bison and B. antiquus) in large communally organized drive operations. This chapter briefly describes the taxonomy of fossil and living bison, the behaviour of modern bison, and what is known from ethnohistoric and archaeological sources about the ways that Indians conducted these drives, including the use of foot surrounds, cliff jumps, arroyo traps, and pounds (corrals). The chapter concludes by considering whether such drives were conducted annually in the late fall and/or early winter as a means of winter provisioning; or instead were conducted periodically, but not necessarily annually, and at many different times of year, as a socio-political mechanism for integrating otherwise widely dispersed and highly mobile hunting bands.

scholarly journals Progress in Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: The North American Perspective

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Michael Glenn O’Connor ◽  
Amjad Horani ◽  
Adam J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The North ◽  
Diagnostic Guideline ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, under-recognized disease that affects respiratory ciliary function, resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. The PCD clinical phenotype overlaps with other common respiratory conditions and no single diagnostic test detects all forms of PCD. In 2018, PCD experts collaborated with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) to create a clinical diagnostic guideline for patients across North America, specifically considering the local resources and limitations for PCD diagnosis in the United States and Canada. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) testing is recommended for first-line testing in patients ≥5 years old with a compatible clinical phenotype; however, all low nNO values require confirmation with genetic testing or ciliary electron micrograph (EM) analysis. Furthermore, these guidelines recognize that not all North American patients have access to nNO testing and isolated genetic testing is appropriate in cases with strong clinical PCD phenotypes. For unresolved diagnostic cases, referral to a PCD Foundation accredited center is recommended. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide insight on the North American PCD diagnostic process, to enhance the understanding of and adherence to current guidelines, and to promote collaboration with diagnostic pathways used outside of North America.

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