Visual field differences in an object decision task

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Vitkovitch ◽  
Geoffrey Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Object Decision

Animal Recognition and Eye Movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Juergen Gehrke ◽  
Jason Lauder
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Object Orientation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
And Performance

We assessed the importance of outline contour and individual features in mediating the recognition of animals by examining response times and eye movements in an animal-object decision task (i.e., deciding whether or not an object was an animal that may be encountered in real life). There were shorter latencies for animals as compared with nonanimals and performance was similar for shaded line drawings and silhouettes, suggesting that important information for recognition lies in the outline contour. The most salient information in the outline contour was around the head, followed by the lower torso and leg regions. We also observed effects of object orientation and argue that the usefulness of the head and lower torso/leg regions is consistent with a role for the object axis in recognition.

Semantic processing in the neglected visual field: Evidence from a lexical decision task

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina McGlinchey-berroth ◽  
William P. Milberg ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Michael Alexander ◽  
Patrick T. Kilduff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Field Evidence

Altered visual field asymmetry for lexical decision as a result of concurrent presentation of music fragments of different emotional valences

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN W. VAN STRIEN ◽  
CLAUDIA A. BOON
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Noise Condition

Sixteen right-handed male students were administered a unilateral lexical decision task in 4 conditions: a baseline condition and three sound conditions. In the sound conditions, the participants listened to noise, to music with a positive emotional valence, and to music with a negative emotional valence, while performing the visual half-field task. In the baseline condition, the noise condition, and the positive music condition, lexical decision latencies were shorter to right than to left visual field presentations. In the negative music condition, there was a selective enhancement of left visual field performance, which cancelled the visual field advantage completely. None of the concurrent sounds affected autonomic arousal as measured by heart rate. The results demonstrated that music with a negative emotional valence can alter the half-field asymmetry of a verbal task. The outcome was discussed in terms of right hemisphere priming due to negative emotional experience. (JINS, 1997, 3, 473–479.)

Semantic Processing of Foveally and Parafoveally Presented Words in a Lexical Decision Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis J. Fuentes ◽  
Pío Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Target Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Prime Target

Using a lexical decision task in which two primes appeared simultaneously in the visual field for 150 msec followed by a target word, two experiments examined semantic priming from attended and unattended primes as a function of both the separation between the primes in the visual field and the prime-target stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). In the first experiment significant priming effects were found for both the attended and unattended prime words, though the effect was much greater for the attended words. In addition, and also for both attention conditions, priming showed a tendency to increase with increasing eccentricity (2.3°, 3.3°, and 4.3°) between the prime words in the visual field at the long (550 and 850 msec) but not at the short (250 msec) prime-target SOA. In the second experiment the prime stimuli were either two words (W-W) or one word and five Xs (W-X). We manipulated the degree of eccentricity (2° and 3.6°) between the prime stimuli and used a prime-target SOA of 850 msec. Again significant priming was found for both the attended and unattended words but only the W-W condition showed a decrement in priming as a function of the separation between the primes; this decrement came to produce negative priming for the unattended word at the narrow (2°) separation. These results are discussed in relation to the semantic processing of parafoveal words and the inhibitory effects of focused attention.

Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry and Belief in ESP: Towards a “Neuropsychology of Belief”

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brugger ◽  
Alex Gamma ◽  
René Muri ◽  
Markus Schafer ◽  
Kirsten I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance ◽  
The Right

30 right-handed subjects were given a lateralized tachistoscopic lexical-decision task. Subjects' belief in extrasensory perception (ESP) was assessed with a single six-point scale; 16 subjects were designated as believers in ESP and 14 subjects as nonbelievers. Believers in ESP did not exhibit a hemispheric asymmetry for the task while nonbelievers exhibited the expected right visual-field/left-hemisphere dominance documented in the literature. Believers' lack of asymmetry was not caused by an impaired left-hemisphere performance but rather by a significantly enhanced lexical-decision accuracy in the left visual field/right hemisphere compared to nonbelievers. These results are compatible with previous studies indicating a correlation between belief in ESP and a bias for right-hemisphere processing. Moreover, the results are relevant for a discussion of an association between paranormal beliefs and schizotypy: highly schizotypal individuals are not only particularly prone to believe in ESP but are also known to show an attenuation of hemispheric asymmetries in lateralized verbal tasks due to an enhanced contribution of the right hemisphere. We suggest that the neurological basis of delusion-like beliefs may involve a release of right-hemisphere function from left-hemisphere control and sketch the focus of research for a future “neuropsychology of belief.”

Sources of Disagreement in Object Naming

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Vitkovitch ◽  
Lisa Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Naming Latency ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Name Agreement ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Structural Stage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naming Latencies ◽  
Very High

Two experiments examined the processing of objects with low name agreement. Experiment I compared naming latencies for objects with three different types of name disagreement to those for matched control objects with very high name agreement. Objects with low name agreement due to abbreviations (e.g. phone) were named no more slowly than were control objects. Objects with multiple names (e.g. couch, sofa, settee) and objects often given incorrect names (e.g. spider for ant) took longer to name correctly than did matched controls. These results were confirmed in a second naming experiment using a revised set of high-name-agreement control stimuli. In Experiment 2, subjects carried out an object decision task using the revised stimulus set. Subjects could recognize objects with multiple names as quickly as those with high name agreement. Objects often given incorrect names were recognized by subjects more slowly than were high-agreement matched stimuli. The pattern of data suggests that the delay in naming latency due to the availability of more than one correct name arises after structural recognition. In contrast, the slowed naming of objects often misnamed would seem to originate from difficulties encountered at or before the structural stage of recognition.

How the Camel Lost Its Hump: The Impact of Object Typicality on Event-related Potential Signals in Object Decision

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hauk ◽  
K. Patterson ◽  
A. Woollams ◽  
E. Cooper-Pye ◽  
F. Pulvermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Typicality Effect ◽  
The Impact

Using an object decision task, event-related potentials (ERPs), and minimum norm current source estimates, we investigated early spatiotemporal aspects of cortical activation elicited by line drawings that were manipulated on two dimensions: authenticity and typicality. Authentic objects were those that match real-world experience, whereas nonauthentic objects were “doctored” by deletion or addition of features (e.g., a camel with its hump removed, a hammer with two handles). The main manipulation of interest for both authentic and nonauthentic objects was the degree of typicality in the object's structure: typical items are composed of parts that have tended to co-occur across many different objects in the perceiver's experience. The ERP pattern revealed a significant typicality effect at 116 msec after stimulus onset. Both atypical authentic objects (e.g., a camel with its hump) and atypical nonauthentic objects (e.g., a jackal with a hump) elicited stronger brain activation than did objects with typical structure. A significant effect of authenticity was observed at 480 msec, with stronger activation for the nonauthentic objects. The factors of typicality and authenticity interacted at 160 and 330 msec. The most prominent source of the typicality effect was the bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, whereas the interaction and the authenticity effects were mainly observed in the more anterior bilateral temporal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that within the first few hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation onset, visual-form-related perceptual and conceptual processes represent distinct but interacting stages in object recognition.

A comparison of upper vs. lower and right vs. left visual fields using lexical decision

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1239-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Goldstein ◽  
Harvey Babkoff
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments using the lexical decision task was conducted in order to investigate the functional differences between the upper and lower visual fields (UVF, LoVF) in word recognition. Word-nonword discrimination was swifter and more accurate for word stimuli presented in the UVF. Changing the eccentricity did not affect the UVF advantage over the LoVF. UVF superiority over LoVF was found to be equivalent for both right and left visual hemifield (RVF, LVF). In general, presenting related word primes enhanced all visual field differences in a similar manner (UVF over LoVF and RVF over LVF). However, primes consisting of semantically constraining sentences enhanced the RVF advantage over the LVF, but did not affect the UVF and LoVF differentially. The argument is made that UVF superiority cannot be due to perceptual or attentional differences alone, but must also reflect top-down information flow.

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