Structural biology techniques: X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering

2020 ◽  
pp. 375-416
Author(s):  
José A. Brito ◽  
Margarida Archer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Structure of the Lassa Virus Nucleoprotein Revealed by X-ray Crystallography, Small-angle X-ray Scattering, and Electron Microscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (44) ◽  
pp. 38748-38756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Brunotte ◽  
Romy Kerber ◽  
Weifeng Shang ◽  
Florian Hauer ◽  
Meike Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Uncovering the structures of modular polyketide synthases

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira J. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Polyketide Synthases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy

This review covers a breakthrough in the structural biology of the gigantic modular polyketide synthases (PKS): the structural characterization of intact modules by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering.

scholarly journals Alpha helical surfactant-like peptides self-assemble into pH-dependent nanostructures

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104
Author(s):  
Valeria Castelletto ◽  
Jani Seitsonen ◽  
Janne Ruokolainen ◽  
Ian W. Hamley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Ray Scattering

A designed surfactant-like peptide is shown, using a combination of cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, to have remarkable pH-dependent self-assembly properties.

scholarly journals Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

AIP Advances ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 032139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carvou ◽  
J. L. Le Garrec ◽  
J. Pérez ◽  
J. Praquin ◽  
M. Djeddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrical Arc ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Differential effects of early growth conditions on colour-producing nanostructures revealed through small angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (18) ◽  
pp. jeb228387
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janas ◽  
Anna Łatkiewicz ◽  
Andrew Parnell ◽  
Dorota Lutyk ◽  
Julia Barczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Tail Feather ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

ABSTRACTThe costs associated with the production and maintenance of colour patches is thought to maintain their honesty. Although considerable research on sexual selection has focused on structurally coloured plumage ornaments, the proximate mechanisms of their potential condition dependence, and thus their honesty, is rarely addressed, particularly in an experimental context. Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings have ultraviolet (UV)–blue structurally coloured tail feathers, providing a unique opportunity for investigation of the causes of variation in their colour. Here, we examined the influence of early growing conditions on the reflectance and structural properties of UV–blue-coloured tail feathers of blue tit nestlings. We applied a two-stage brood size manipulation to determine which stage of development more strongly impacts the quality of tail feather colouration and microstructure. We used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and electron microscopy to characterise the nanoscale and microscale structure of tail feather barbs. Nestlings from the broods enlarged at a later stage of growth showed a sex-specific rectrix development delay, with males being more sensitive to this manipulation. Contrary to predictions, treatment affected neither the quality of the barbs’ nanostructures nor the brightness and UV chroma of feathers. However, at the microscale, barbs’ keratin characteristics were impaired in late-enlarged broods. Our results suggest that nanostructure quality, which determines the UV–blue colour in tail feathers, is not sensitive to early rearing conditions. Furthermore, availability of resources during feather growth seems to impact the quality of feather microstructure more than body condition, which is likely to be determined at an earlier stage of nestling growth.

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