WITHDRAWN: REGULATING LINES

1989 ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
LE CORBUSIER
Keyword(s):  
Regulating Lines

scholarly journals SlARF10, an auxin response factor, is required for chlorophyll and sugar accumulation during tomato fruit development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Mei ◽  
Yujin Yuan ◽  
Mengbo Wu ◽  
Zehao Gong ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Auxin Response Factor ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Response Factor ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Regulating Lines

AbstractTomato green fruits photosynthesis contributes to fruit growth and carbon economy. Tomato auxin response factor 10 (SlARF10) is one of the members of ARF family. Our results showed that SlARF10 locates in the nucleus and has no transcriptional activity. SlARF10 was expressed in various tomato tissues, but highly expressed in green fruit. Up-regulation of SlARF10 produced dark green phenotype of fruits, whereas down-regulation of SlARF10 had light green phenotype. Autofluorescence and chlorophyll content analysis confirmed the phenotypes, which indicated that SlARF10 plays an important role in chlorophyll accumulation in tomato fruits. Up-regulation of SlARF10 increased the photochemical potential in tomato leaves and fruits. Furthermore, the SlARF10 up-regulating lines displayed improved accumulation of starch in fruits, whereas SlARF10 suppressed lines had inhibited starch accumulation. Up-regulation of SlARF10 increased the expression of AGPases, the starch biosynthesis genes. SlARF10 up-regulating lines had increased accumulation of SlGLK1 and SlGLK2 transcripts in fruits. The promoter sequence of SlGLK1 gene had two conserved ARF binding sites. SlARF10 may regulate the expression of SlGLK1, thus controlling chlorophyll accumulation, photosynthesis rates and sugars synthesis in fruits. Our study provided more insight on the link between auxin signaling, chloroplastic activity and sugar metabolism during the development of tomato fruits.AbbreviationsARFsAuxin Response FactorsRNAiRNA interferenceGLKGOLDEN2-LIKEDET1/hp2The DE-ETIOLATED 1DDB1UV-DAMAGED DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1KNOXsClass I KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOXGC-MSGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryqRT-PCRQuantitative real time PCRTFsTranscription factorsWTWild-typeMRMiddle regionDB domainDNA binding domainCTDC-terminal interaction domainADTranscriptional activatorsRDTranscriptional repressorsB3N-terminal DNA-binding domainHighlightSlARF10 played an important role in the chlorophyll accumulation and photosynthesis in tomato fruits. SlARF10 was involved in starch accumulation by controlling the expression of starch synthesis related enzyme genes. SlARF10 may regulate the expression of SlGLK1, thus controlling chlorophyll accumulation, photosynthesis rates and sugars synthesis in tomato fruits.

Le Corbusier's "Regulating Lines" for the Villa at Garches (1927) and Other Early Works

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Roger Herz-Fischler
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Golden Number ◽  
Regulating Lines

Le Corbusier's drawing on page 144 of his Oeuvre complète indicates that he had used the "golden number" while designing the villa at Garches. Documents at the Fondation Le Corbusier show that this drawing was made at least 18 months after the original design. Moreover, the regulating lines here do not agree with those on an earlier drawing. The same sort of discrepancy is also found when comparing drawings of other early works. To explain the apparent contradictions and to understand Le Corbusier's method, his writings must be consulted. From these it becomes clear that the regulating lines were not used to design buildings but rather to modify or confirm the original plans. Hence more than one set of lines would fit a given structure. The plans for Garches must be understood in this light. When Le Corbusier took up the "golden number" he simply used it, after the fact, to further confirm his work at Garches. It is this later confirmation that we see in the Oeuvre complète.

Graphic Survey and Analysis of the Outer Walls and Floor Plan of the Royal Corpus Christi College-Seminary in Valencia

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Enrique Gil ◽  
Jose Vercher ◽  
Mercedes Galiana
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
The South ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Regulating Lines

The construction of the Royal Corpus Christi College-Seminary in Valencia was begun in the late sixteenth century. The building was designed in accordance with the principles laid down by the Council of Trent and explained in detail in a treatise by Saint Charles Borromeo. In the present study a laser scanner was used to achieve a high degree of accuracy in tracing the building's outer walls and internal floor plan. The two most important of the outer walls, the south and west, were given special attention as regards regulating lines and different proportional relationships.

scholarly journals Geometry, Pattern, Kinetics: Beginning Studio Pedagogy from 2D to 3D

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
M. Saleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Regulating Lines ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Architecture has the strongest educational ties to geometric organization because of the necessity for order and efficiency in construction, three-dimensional space composition, and the desire to create aesthetically pleasing structures. Kimberly Elam, the author of “Geometry of Design” mentions, “Too often as a design professional and educator I have seen excellent conceptual ideas suffer during the process of realization, in large part because of the designer did not understand the visual principles of geometric composition. These principles include an understanding of classic proportioning systems such as the golden section and root rectangles, as well as ratios and proportion, interrelationships of form, and regulating lines.” With the primary objective of linking art and architecture through observation, analysis, and composition, this paper demonstrates beginning studio projects where geometry, pattern and kinetics are exercised to enhance understanding of two-dimensional pattern and three-dimensional construction. The objective is to enhance three-dimensional design thinking that has become a challenge in recent trends of questionable dependency on computer modeling applications for design decisions.

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