Models in parasite and pathogen evolution: Genomic analysis reveals predominant clonality and progressive evolution at all evolutionary scales in parasitic protozoa, yeasts and bacteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-117
Author(s):  
Michel Tibayrenc ◽  
Francisco J. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Parasitic Protozoa ◽  
Pathogen Evolution

Genomic analysis of C-type lectins

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Drickamer ◽  
Andrew J. Fadden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Carbohydrate Recognition ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Carbohydrate Recognition Domains

Many biological effects of complex carbohydrates are mediated by lectins that contain discrete carbohydrate-recognition domains. At least seven structurally distinct families of carbohydrate-recognition domains are found in lectins that are involved in intracellular trafficking, cell adhesion, cell–cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover and innate immunity. Genome-wide analysis of potential carbohydrate-binding domains is now possible. Two classes of intracellular lectins involved in glycoprotein trafficking are present in yeast, model invertebrates and vertebrates, and two other classes are present in vertebrates only. At the cell surface, calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins and galectins are found in model invertebrates and vertebrates, but not in yeast; immunoglobulin superfamily (I-type) lectins are only found in vertebrates. The evolutionary appearance of different classes of sugar-binding protein modules parallels a development towards more complex oligosaccharides that provide increased opportunities for specific recognition phenomena. An overall picture of the lectins present in humans can now be proposed. Based on our knowledge of the structures of several of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains, it is possible to suggest ligand-binding activity that may be associated with novel C-type lectin-like domains identified in a systematic screen of the human genome. Further analysis of the sequences of proteins containing these domains can be used as a basis for proposing potential biological functions.

Late onset autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets; confirmation of the diagnosis with genomic analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symeon Tournis ◽  
Ioannis Stathopoulos ◽  
Kalliopi Lampropoulou-Adamidou ◽  
Theodora Koromila ◽  
Nikolaos Chatzistamatas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets
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