Eagle Syndrome: 3D endoscope-assisted anterior tonsillar fossa approach to styloid process

2021 ◽  
pp. 102979
Author(s):  
Niccolò Mevio ◽  
Andrea Achena ◽  
Francesco Pilolli ◽  
Luca Roncoroni ◽  
Giorgio Luigi Ormellese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
3D Endoscope ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

scholarly journals Unusual Symptomatology in Eagle Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117954762094872
Author(s):  
Annalisa Pace ◽  
Valeria Rossetti ◽  
Giannicola Iannella ◽  
Giuseppe Magliulo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Auricular Branch ◽  
Possible Cause

A 20-year-old female presented a history of isolate left external ear pain. ENT valuation showed no alteration of the district, but an aberrant styloid process was tender to palpation in the left tonsillar fossa. Computer tomography was performed and confirmed it. Thereafter, the diagnosis of Eagle syndrome was made. The auricular branch of the vagal nerve (ABVN) was pressed by the styloid process causing the pain. This case pointed out the importance to consider anatomical alteration as elongated styloid process as a possible cause of external ear pain.

scholarly journals Eagle Syndrome- An Entity Often Misdiagnosed

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Puneeth S Nayak ◽  
Anil Kumar S Harugop ◽  
Paramita Debnath ◽  
Prashant H Patil
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Throat Pain ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Stylohyoid Ligament ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Introduction Throat pain is one of the most common complaints that an otolaryngologist encounters in daily practice, there can be numerous aetiologies to it. Eagle Syndrome is one such entity which is characterized by chronic throat pain due to elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament. The vague symptomatology of this condition often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment.    Case Reports We report 5 cases of Eagle Syndrome. All the patients presented to us with complaints of chronic throat radiating to neck which did not relieve on taking medications, for the same they have been consulting multiple specialities. The diagnosis of Eagle Syndrome was confirmed by palpation in tonsillar fossa and orthopantomogram revealed enlarged styloid process measuring more than 30mm. Upon confirmation, all the 5 patients underwent tonsillo-styloidectomy and on consequent follow ups, they were symptomatically improved. Discussion Eagle Syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion and should raise high index of suspicion in patients with nonspecific throat and neck pain not responding to any conservative treatment. With an increasing incidence of side effects following injudicious treatment given in such cases, this condition requires attention, as it a rare entity and often misdiagnosed.

Eagle Syndrome: an underdiagnosed cause of orofacial pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238161
Author(s):  
João Ferreira de Barros ◽  
Maria Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Leonor Aurélio Barroso ◽  
Isabel Cruz Amado
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Cervical Approach ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Eagle Syndrome (ES), also termed stylohyoid syndrome or styloid syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by a cluster of symptoms related to an elongation of the styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone. These may range from mild pharyngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia to severe orofacial pain. High clinical suspicion is necessary owing to the unspecific clinical picture and limited diagnostic clues. Until a definitive diagnosis is achieved, these patients may develop symptoms which significantly impact their quality of life. The aim of this article is to report a case of ES in which a considerable length of SP was documented. Diagnosis was made years after the initial complaints and several medical workups by different specialties. Surgical resection of the elongated process by cervical approach was the adopted treatment modality. Patient recovery and follow-up was satisfactory, with remission of the afflicting symptoms.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of Eagle’s Syndrome through intraoral access: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cristhian Avelino Bezerra ◽  
Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão ◽  
Bruno Frota Amora Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Lemos Alves ◽  
Eliardo Silveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
Review Study

The styloid process is a bone projection that originates in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. The enlongation of the styloid process, or the ossification of the styloid process, can originate a series of symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, facial pain, otalgia, headache, tinnitus and trismus, establishing the clinical picture of Eagle Syndrome. In this report, we present an important clinical case of adult patient diagnosed with Eagle’s Syndrome who underwent surgery for reduction of the enlongated styloid process, by intraoral approach, added to a literature review study.

scholarly journals Eagle syndrome as a rare cause of recurrent transient ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Birame Loum ◽  
Cheikh Ahmedou Lame ◽  
Cheikhna B. Ndiaye ◽  
Kamadore Toure ◽  
Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

<p>Eagle syndrome is a rare condition, often characterized by nonspecific symptoms. It is due to an abnormally long or compressive styloid process on surrounding structures. Exceptionally, it can cause neuro-vascular manifestations. We report an observation of Eagle syndrome discovered incidentally in presence of recurrent transient ischemic stroke. A 74-year-old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, was admitted to our department following 4 episodes of transient ischemic stroke with right hemiplegia and aphasia, always rapidly resolving. Head and neck CT scan showed 2 long styloid processes with a marked impingement of the left one against the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. Intraoral styloidectomy was performed. The patient recovered fully and remained free of symptoms without neurological impairment, at 6 months. Eagle syndrome is a rare condition which may lead, exceptionally, to repetitive transient ischemic stroke. Surgical styloidectomy must be considered to reduce the risk of new vascular events and prevent serious complications such as dissection of the internal carotid artery.</p>

scholarly journals Measurement of Length of Styloid Process by Orthopantomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
BR Sharma ◽  
S Singh ◽  
M Timilsina ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Oral Radiology ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Background: Styloid process (SP) is an anatomical structure whose elongation is not well understood. Proper clinical and radiological assessment is needed to detect an elongated SP. Anatomical variation is also common. SP is said to be elongated if longer than 30 mm. Orthopantomogram (OPG) is also an imaging modality by which we can view SP. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the SP on OPG and identify eagle syndrome. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on archived OPG radiographs available in the Department of Oral Radiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching hospital and Research Centre. These radiographs were from patients who were subjected to radiographic examination for other dental problems. The length of SP was measured on both sides using the measurement tool bars on the accompanying analysis software. Results: Average length of SP on males was 26.5 mm ±14.4 mm in right and 25.5 mm ±6.19 mm in left; and on females was 23.78 mm ±5.93 mm on right and 24.7 mm ±10.44 mm in left. Elongated SP was more on males compared to females. Elongated styloid process (ESP) was more prevalent in 21 - 30 years of age group, similarly unilateral and bilateral elongation was also predominant on males compared to females. Conclusion: OPG is also useful for detection of an ESP in patients with or without symptoms and helps to avoid misdiagnosis of tonsillar pain or pain of dental, pharyngeal or muscular origin as well as Eagle syndrome (ES).

Morphometric examination of the styloid process by 3D-CT in patients with Eagle syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 (12) ◽  
pp. 3453-3459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veysel Atilla Ayyildiz ◽  
Fatih Ahmet Senel ◽  
Ahmet Dursun ◽  
Kenan Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Entrapment of the glossopharyngeal nerve in patients with Eagle syndrome: surgical technique and outcomes in a series of 5 patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Shin ◽  
Sebastian R. Herrera ◽  
Paula Eboli ◽  
Sabri Aydin ◽  
Emad H. Eskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Glossopharyngeal Nerve ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Operative Indications ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
The Many

Object Eagle syndrome is characterized by unilateral pain in the oropharynx, face, and earlobe, and is caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament with associated compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The pain syndrome may be successfully treated with surgical intervention that involves resection of the styloid process. Although nerve decompression is routinely considered a neurosurgical intervention, Eagle syndrome and its treatment are not sufficiently examined in the neurosurgical literature. Methods A review was performed of cases of Eagle syndrome treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center over the last 7 years. The clinical characteristics, radiographic imaging, operative indications, procedural details, surgical morbidity, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Of the many patients with facial pain treated between 2001 and 2007, 7 were diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, and 5 of these patients underwent resection of the elongated styloid process. There were 4 women and 1 man, ranging in age from 20 to 68 years (mean 43 years). The average duration of disease was 11 years. In all patients, a preoperative workup revealed unilateral or bilateral elongation of the styloid process. All patients underwent resection of the styloid process on the symptomatic side using a lateral transcutaneous approach. There were no surgical complications. All patients experienced pain relief immediately after the operation. At the latest follow-up (average 46 months, range 7 months to 7.5 years) all but 1 patient maintained complete pain relief. In 1 patient, the pain recurred 12 months postoperatively and additional interventions were required. Conclusions Eagle syndrome may be considered an entrapment syndrome of the glossopharyngeal nerve. It is a distinct clinical entity that should be considered when evaluating patients referred for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The authors' experience indicates that patients with Eagle syndrome may be successfully treated using open resection of the elongated styloid process, which appears to be both safe and effective in terms of long-lasting pain relief.

scholarly journals Internal carotid dissection caused by an elongated styloid process (Eagle syndrome)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (jun11 1) ◽  
pp. bcr2013009878-bcr2013009878 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sveinsson ◽  
N. Kostulas ◽  
L. Herrman
Keyword(s):  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Carotid Dissection ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome
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