scholarly journals Brachyspira catarrhinii sp. nov., an anaerobic intestinal spirochaete isolated from vervet monkeys may have been misidentified as Brachyspira aalborgi in previous studies

Anaerobe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyree D. Phillips ◽  
Tom La ◽  
David J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Brachyspira Aalborgi

scholarly journals Hepatocystis Parasitemia in Wild Kenya Vervet Monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops )

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
T.R. Turner ◽  
F.L. Lambrecht ◽  
C.J. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Cercopithecus Aethiops ◽  
Vervet Monkeys

scholarly journals 716. A Case of Symptomatic Intestinal Spirochetosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S409-S409
Author(s):  
Zhi En Chan ◽  
Jasmine Chung Shimin
Keyword(s):  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Intestinal Spirochetosis ◽  
Mucous Discharge ◽  
Treatable Condition ◽  
Brachyspira Aalborgi

Abstract Background Intestinal spirochetosis (IS) is a condition caused by Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira Pilosicoli. Its clinical significance has long been a point of contention with some debating that these spirochetes are simply colonic commensals. It is a condition that is more prevalent in developing nations as well as patients with HIV and the homosexual population. The epidemiology and prevalence of IS has not been studied in the local context. Methods We reviewed a case of a 37-year-old man who presented with a two month history of persistent lower abdominal pain, hematochezia, and increase in mucous discharge per rectum. He is sexually active with multiple male partners, and was previously treated for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. His basic laboratory investigations were unremarkable, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) antibody and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screen were both non-reactive. Computed tomography of the abdomen was unremarkable. Endoscopic evaluation revealed multiple discrete ulcers measuring 1-2mm seen only in the rectum. Random biopsies of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon showed mild acute colitis with IS. There was also mild to moderate acute proctitis in the rectum with spirochetes seen. 16s RNA gene sequencing of the biopsy specimen were confirmatory for Brachyspira aalborgi. Investigation findings. A: Discrete Ulcers found in rectum, B: Hemotoxylin and Eosin stained specimen showing proctitis, C: False brush Border appearance D: Spirochetes on Warthin Starry stain Results The patient received a 10 day course of metronidazole with complete resolution of his symptoms. Conclusion This case demonstrates the existence of a treatable condition that can be diagnosed with current available investigations for patients with similar symptoms. Recognising at risk populations can also raise clinical suspicion for this condition. Some studies have found associations between IS with development of colonic polyps and also certain colorectal cancers. Further studies on this treatable condition and its disease burden in the local context should be further explored. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Observations of Animal Minds

Philosophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Parellada
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Animal Minds ◽  
First Order

AbstractThe relation between conceptual analysis and empirical observations when ascribing or denying concepts and beliefs to non-human animals is not straightforward. In order to reflect on this relation, I focus on two theoretical proposals (Davidson’s and Allen’s) and one empirical case (vervet monkeys’ alarm calls), the three of which are permanently discussed and considered in the literature on animal cognition. First, I review briefly Davidson’s arguments for denying thought to non-linguistic animals. Second, I review Allen’s criteria for ascribing concepts to creatures capable of correcting their discriminatory powers by taking into account their previous errors. Allen affirms that this is an empirical proposal which offers good reasons, but not necessary or sufficient conditions, for concept attribution. Against Allen, I argue that his important proposal is not an empirical, but a conceptual one. Third, I resort to vervet monkeys to show that Allen’s criteria, and not Davidson’s, are very relevant for ascribing first-order and denying second-order beliefs to this species and thus make sense of the idea of animal cognition.

scholarly journals The consistency of individual centrality across time and networks in wild vervet monkeys

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Canteloup ◽  
Ivan Puga‐Gonzalez ◽  
Cédric Sueur ◽  
Erica Waal
Keyword(s):  
Vervet Monkeys

scholarly journals Locomotor Anatomy and Behavior of Patas Monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) with Comparison to Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne L. Zihlman ◽  
Carol E. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Cercopithecus Aethiops ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Erythrocebus Patas ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Patas Monkeys ◽  
Foot Bones ◽  
Muscle Groups

Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) living in African savanna woodlands and grassland habitats have a locomotor system that allows them to run fast, presumably to avoid predators. Long fore- and hindlimbs, long foot bones, short toes, and a digitigrade foot posture were proposed as anatomical correlates with speed. In addition to skeletal proportions, soft tissue and whole body proportions are important components of the locomotor system. To further distinguish patas anatomy from other Old World monkeys, a comparative study based on dissection of skin, muscle, and bone from complete individuals of patas and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) was undertaken. Analysis reveals that small adjustments in patas skeletal proportions, relative mass of limbs and tail, and specific muscle groups promote efficient sagittal limb motion. The ability to run fast is based on a locomotor system adapted for long distance walking. The patas’ larger home range and longer daily range than those of vervets give them access to highly dispersed, nutritious foods, water, and sleeping trees. Furthermore, patas monkeys have physiological adaptations that enable them to tolerate and dissipate heat. These features all contribute to the distinct adaptation that is the patas monkeys’ basis for survival in grassland and savanna woodland areas.

Hormonal vaginal cytology of vervet monkeys

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. Seier ◽  
F.S. Venter ◽  
J.E. Fincham ◽  
J.J.F. Taljaard
Keyword(s):  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Vaginal Cytology

scholarly journals Processing of novel food reveals payoff and rank-biased social learning in a wild primate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Canteloup ◽  
Mabia B. Cera ◽  
Brendan J. Barrett ◽  
Erica van de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Bias Attention ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
Learning From Others

AbstractSocial learning—learning from others—is the basis for behavioural traditions. Different social learning strategies (SLS), where individuals biasedly learn behaviours based on their content or who demonstrates them, may increase an individual’s fitness and generate behavioural traditions. While SLS have been mostly studied in isolation, their interaction and the interplay between individual and social learning is less understood. We performed a field-based open diffusion experiment in a wild primate. We provided two groups of vervet monkeys with a novel food, unshelled peanuts, and documented how three different peanut opening techniques spread within the groups. We analysed data using hierarchical Bayesian dynamic learning models that explore the integration of multiple SLS with individual learning. We (1) report evidence of social learning compared to strictly individual learning, (2) show that vervets preferentially socially learn the technique that yields the highest observed payoff and (3) also bias attention toward individuals of higher rank. This shows that behavioural preferences can arise when individuals integrate social information about the efficiency of a behaviour alongside cues related to the rank of a demonstrator. When these preferences converge to the same behaviour in a group, they may result in stable behavioural traditions.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Katendi Changula ◽  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
Boniface Pongombo Lombe ◽  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Hiroko Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Reston Virus

Ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are filoviruses that are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). While some bat species are suspected to be natural reservoirs of these filoviruses, wild NHPs often act as intermediate hosts for viral transmission to humans. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened two NHP species, wild baboons and vervet monkeys captured in Zambia, for their serum IgG antibodies specific to the envelope glycoproteins of filoviruses. From 243 samples tested, 39 NHPs (16%) were found to be seropositive either for ebolaviruses or marburgviruses with endpoint antibody titers ranging from 100 to 25,600. Interestingly, antibodies reactive to Reston virus, which is found only in Asia, were detected in both NHP species. There was a significant difference in the seropositivity for the marburgvirus antigen between the two NHP species, with baboons having a higher positive rate. These results suggest that wild NHPs in Zambia might be nonlethally exposed to these filoviruses, and this emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of filovirus infection in wild animals to better understand the ecology of filoviruses and to assess potential risks of outbreaks in humans in previously nonendemic countries.

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