Expectations mediate the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic cues on sensory and hedonic perception of beer

Appetite ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 104899
Author(s):  
Helena Blackmore ◽  
Claire Hidrio ◽  
Martin R. Yeomans
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Cues

scholarly journals Bottom-up visual attention model for still image: a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Adhi Prahara ◽  
Murinto Murinto ◽  
Dewi Pramudi Ismi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Segmentation Image ◽  
Human Visual Attention

The philosophy of human visual attention is scientifically explained in the field of cognitive psychology and neuroscience then computationally modeled in the field of computer science and engineering. Visual attention models have been applied in computer vision systems such as object detection, object recognition, image segmentation, image and video compression, action recognition, visual tracking, and so on. This work studies bottom-up visual attention, namely human fixation prediction and salient object detection models. The preliminary study briefly covers from the biological perspective of visual attention, including visual pathway, the theory of visual attention, to the computational model of bottom-up visual attention that generates saliency map. The study compares some models at each stage and observes whether the stage is inspired by biological architecture, concept, or behavior of human visual attention. From the study, the use of low-level features, center-surround mechanism, sparse representation, and higher-level guidance with intrinsic cues dominate the bottom-up visual attention approaches. The study also highlights the correlation between bottom-up visual attention and curiosity.

A Decision Model for Prioritizing and Addressing Consumer Information Problems

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Model ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Extrinsic Information ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Available Information

An approach for diagnosing and prescribing remedies to consumer information problems is proposed. It is contended that the appropriate policy stance to take for dealing with the consumer information situation in a market will depend on several factors, including (1) the amount of harm suffered by consumers, (2) the extent to which consumers rely on extrinsic information cues versus intrinsic cues, (3) the accuracy of available information, (4) the number of “expert” consumers active in the market, and (5) the cost to consumers of acquiring information.

scholarly journals TIMP-1 deficiency subverts cell-cycle dynamics in murine long-term HSCs

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 6479-6488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Rossi ◽  
Aysegul V. Ergen ◽  
Margaret A. Goodell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Stem Cell Quiescence ◽  
Cell Quiescence ◽  
Cell Cycle Dynamics

Abstract In addition to the well-recognized role in extracellular matrix remodeling, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of numerous biologic functions, including cell proliferation and survival. We therefore hypothesized that TIMP-1 might be involved in the homeostatic regulation of HSCs, whose biologic behavior is the synthesis of both microenvironmental and intrinsic cues. We found that TIMP-1−/− mice have decreased BM cellularity and, consistent with this finding, TIMP-1−/− HSCs display reduced capability of long-term repopulation. Interestingly, the cell cycle distribution of TIMP-1−/− stem cells appears distorted, with a dysregulation at the level of the G1 phase. TIMP-1−/− HSCs also display increased levels of p57, p21, and p53, suggesting that TIMP-1 could be intrinsically involved in the regulation of HSC cycling dynamics. Of note, TIMP-1−/− HSCs present decreased levels of CD44 glycoprotein, whose expression has been proven to be controlled by p53, the master regulator of the G1/S transition. Our findings establish a role for TIMP-1 in regulating HSC function, suggesting a novel mechanism presiding over stem cell quiescence in the framework of the BM milieu.

Consumer Sensory Evaluations of Wine Quality: The Respective Influence of Price and Country of Origin

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Veale ◽  
Pascale Quester
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Taste Testing ◽  
Extrinsic Cues

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the respective influences of price and country of origin as extrinsic cues on consumer evaluations of wine quality when all intrinsic cues are experienced through sensory perception. Taste testing experiments were conducted (N = 263) using Chardonnay as the test product in a 3 (country of origin, COO) × 3 (price) × 3 (acid level) conjoint analysis fractional factorial design. Price and COO were both found to be more important contributors to perception of wine quality than taste. Reliance on extrinsic cues was found to remain extremely robust even when all intrinsic cues were available through sensory experience for respondent evaluation. The research demonstrated that even when evaluating a product through consumption, consumer belief in the price/value schema dominates quality assessment. These findings mean that marketers cannot assume that intrinsic product attributes, even when experienced, will be weighted and interpreted accurately by consumers. The research significantly advances our understanding of consumers' use of extrinsic cues (price and COO specifically), and their respective influence in their determination of both expected and experienced quality. (JEL Classification: Q11, D12, M31)

scholarly journals Stimulation of immunity-linked genes by membrane disruption is linked to Golgi function and the ARF-1 GTPase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christofer M Welsh ◽  
Lorissa J Smulan ◽  
Matthew J Fanelli ◽  
Dominuque S Lui ◽  
Amy Karol Walker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Lipid Imbalance ◽  
Adp Ribosylation Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Immune-linked genes (ILGs) are activated in response to pathogens but can also be activated by lipid imbalance. Why pathogen attack and metabolic changes both impact ILG activation is unclear. Organelles in the secretory pathway have distinct protein and lipid components and genetically separable stress programs. These stress pathways activate restorative transcriptional programs when lipid ratios become unbalanced or during dysregulated protein folding and trafficking. We find that ILGs are specifically activated when membrane phosphatidylcholine ratios change in the secretory pathway. Consistent with this result, disruption of Golgi function in mutations targeting the ADP-ribosylation factor ARF-1 also activates ILG expression. Since increased protein secretion is altered by metabolic changes and pathogen responses, our data argue that ILG upregulation is a conserved, coordinated response to changes in trafficking resulting from intrinsic cues (lipid changes) or extrinsic stimulation (during the immune response). These findings uncover important and previously unexplored links between metabolism and the stress response.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intrinsic Acoustic Cues on Categorical Perception in Children with Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Kejuan Cheng ◽  
Xiaoxiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Boundary Width ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Mandarin Vowels ◽  
Impaired Children

Many previous studies researched the influence of external cues on speech perception, yet little is known pertaining to the role of intrinsic cues in categorical perception of Mandarin vowels and tones by children with cochlear implants (CI). This study investigated the effects of intrinsic acoustic cues on categorical perception in children with CIs, compared to normal-hearing (NH) children. Categorical perception experiment paradigm was applied to evaluate their identification and discrimination abilities in perceiving /i/-/u/ with static intrinsic formants and Tone 1 (T1)-Tone 2 (T2) with dynamic intrinsic fundamental frequency (F0) contours. Results for the NH group showed that vowel continuum of /i/-/u/ was less categorically perceived than T1-T2 continuum with significantly wider boundary width and less alignment between the discrimination peak and the boundary position. However, a different categorical perception pattern was depicted for the CI group. Specifically, the CI group exhibited less categoricalness in both /i/-/u/ and T1-T2. It suggested that the effects of intrinsic acoustic cues on categorical perception was proved for the normal-hearing children, while not for the hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. In conclusion, acoustically dynamic cues can facilitate categorical perception of speech in NH children, whereas this effect will be inhibited by difficulties in processing spectral F0 information as in the CI users.

scholarly journals Hematopoietic-Extrinsic Cues Dictate Circadian Redistribution of Mature and Immature Hematopoietic Cells in Blood and Spleen

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Stenzinger ◽  
Darja Karpova ◽  
Christian Unterrainer ◽  
Sabine Harenkamp ◽  
Eliza Wiercinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Intrinsic Cues ◽  
Extrinsic Cues ◽  
Marrow Stroma

Circadian oscillations in circulating leukocyte subsets including immature hematopoietic cells have been appreciated; the origin and nature of these alterations remain elusive. Our analysis of wild-type C57BL/6 mice under constant darkness confirmed circadian fluctuations of circulating leukocytes and clonogenic cells in blood and spleen but not bone marrow. Clock gene deficient Bmal1−/− mice lacked this regulation. Cell cycle analyses in the different hematopoietic compartments excluded circadian changes in total cell numbers, rather favoring shifting hematopoietic cell redistribution as the underlying mechanism. Transplant chimeras demonstrate that circadian rhythms within the stroma mediate the oscillations independently of hematopoietic-intrinsic cues. We provide evidence of circadian CXCL12 regulation via clock genes in vitro and were able to confirm CXCL12 oscillation in bone marrow and blood in vivo. Our studies further implicate cortisol as the conveyor of circadian input to bone marrow stroma and mediator of the circadian leukocyte oscillation. In summary, we establish hematopoietic-extrinsic cues as causal for circadian redistribution of circulating mature/immature blood cells.

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