Investigation of the cosmic ray ground level enhancements during solar cycle 23

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiguang Wang ◽  
Jingxiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Cycle 23 ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

Solar activity and the associated ground level enhancements of solar cosmic rays during solar cycle 23

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andriopoulou ◽  
H. Mavromichalaki ◽  
P. Preka-Papadema ◽  
C. Plainaki ◽  
A. Belov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Cycle 23 ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

Small Size Ground Level Enhancements During Solar Cycle 24

Solar Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonty I. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
Victor G. Yanke
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Cycle 24 ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

The Ground-level Enhancements of 1989 September 29 and October 22

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Duldig ◽  
J.L. Cramp ◽  
J.E. Humble ◽  
J.W. Bieber ◽  
P. Evenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Flux ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Particle Injection ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Particle Propagation ◽  
Multiple Particle ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

Abstract During the solar maximum of 1989–91 an unprecedented sequence of 13 cosmic ray ground-level enhancements (GLEs) was observed by the world-wide neutron monitor network. Of particular interest were two GLEs observed by the Australian network. The 1989 September 29 event was the largest GLE in the space era while the October 22 GLE included an highly anisotropic precursor peak.Analysis of both these GLEs, taking into account disturbed geomagnetic conditions, shows that the particle arrivals at the earth were unusual. The September 29 GLE had significant particle propagation in the reverse direction and as the particle flux decreased following the peak the spectrum also softened. In contrast, the 1989 October 22 precursor exhibited extreme anisotropy while the particles involved in the main GLE showed a complex temporal structure possibly indicating multiple particle injection at the solar acceleration region.

scholarly journals Properties of Ground Level Enhancement Events and the Associated Solar Eruptions During Solar Cycle 23

2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 23-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gopalswamy ◽  
H. Xie ◽  
S. Yashiro ◽  
S. Akiyama ◽  
P. Mäkelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ground Level Enhancement ◽  
Solar Cycle 23 ◽  
Solar Eruptions ◽  
Ground Level Enhancement Events

scholarly journals Current status and possible extension of the global neutron monitor network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alexander Mishev ◽  
Ilya Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

The global neutron monitor network has been successfully used over several decades to study cosmic ray variations and fluxes of energetic solar particles. Nowadays, it is used also for space weather purposes, e.g. alerts and assessment of the exposure to radiation. Here, we present the current status of the global neutron monitor network. We discuss the ability of the global neutron monitor network to study solar energetic particles, specifically during large ground level enhancements. We demonstrate as an example, the derived solar proton characteristics during ground level enhancements GLE #5 and the resulting effective dose over the globe at a typical commercial jet flight altitude of 40 kft (≈12,200 m) above sea level. We present a plan for improvement of space weather services and applications of the global neutron monitor network, specifically for studies related to solar energetic particles, namely an extension of the existing network with several new monitors. We discuss the ability of the optimized global neutron monitor network to study various populations of solar energetic particles and to provide reliable space weather services.

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