Individual-level performance of nature reserves in forest protection and the effects of management level and establishment age

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwei Zhao ◽  
Ruidong Wu ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
Jinming Hu ◽  
Feiling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Performance

Coexisting Agency and Stewardship Governance in Family Firms: An Empirical Investigation of Individual-Level and Firm-Level Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Madison ◽  
Franz W. Kellermanns ◽  
Timothy P. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Agent Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Triadic Data

This article theoretically and empirically intertwines agency and stewardship theories to examine their distinct and combined influences on family firms. Primary matched triadic data from CEOs, family employees, and nonfamily employees in 77 family firms suggest that agency and stewardship governance affects individual-level behavior and firm-level performance. Specifically, agent behavior is highest under conditions of coexisting low agency governance and high stewardship governance and is lowest when agency and stewardship governance coexist at high levels. Furthermore, when high levels of agency and stewardship governance coexist, family firm performance is the highest. Theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of China’s National Forest Protection Program and National-level Nature Reserves, 2000 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Ren ◽  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Deforestation Rates

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China’s institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China’s two most important forest protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its National-level Nature Reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 17 provinces starting in the year 2000 in response to deforestation-caused flooding. We used MODIS data (MOD13Q1) to estimate forest cover and forest loss across mainland China, and we report that 1.765 million km2or 18.7% of mainland China was covered in forest (12.3%, canopy cover > 70%) and woodland (6.4%, 40% ≤ canopy cover < 70%) in 2000. By 2010, a total of 480,203 km2of forest+woodland was lost, amounting to an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. The forest-only loss was 127,473 km2, or 1.05% annually. The three most rapidly deforested provinces were outside NFPP jurisdiction, in the southeast. Within the NFPP provinces, the annual forest+woodland loss rate was 2.26%, and the forest-only rate was 0.62%. Because these loss rates are likely overestimates, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its NFPP target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the target provinces. We also assemble the first-ever polygon dataset for China’s forested NNRs (n=237), which covered 74,030 km2in 2000. Conventional unmatched and covariate-matching analyses both find that about two-thirds of China’s NNRs exhibit effectiveness in protecting forest cover and that within-NNR deforestation rates are higher in provinces that have higher overall deforestation.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Competences in E-Services Adoption and Assimilation in SMEs

2010 ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Ada Scupola
Keyword(s):  
Medium Size ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
Reservation System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Business To Business

This article investigates the competences deemed necessary both at top managerial and individual levels for the successful adoption and assimilation of business-to-business e-services in small and medium size enterprises. To this end, an in-depth case study of a business-to-business e-service system, a Web-based travel reservation system, was conducted. The results show that three main competences, namely vision, value and control, are important at top management level for the primary adoption of e-services. For secondary adoption and assimilation, three categories of competences were identified as being important either to have or to develop at the individual level, namely technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills.

Integrating organisational- and individual-level performance management systems (PMSS): a case study in a large Indonesian public sector organisation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy M. Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Management Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Performance

Purpose This study aims to comprehensively examine the integration of organisational- and individual-level performance management systems (PMSs) in the context of public sector organisations (PSOs) of developing countries (DCs), by investigating the elements of PMSs in the studied organisation. Design/methodology/approach A case study in a large PSO of a developing country was conducted. The design of the study and the data analysis drew on Ferreira and Otley’s PMSs framework. Data were captured from electronic and printed document archives, online written interviews with participants and face-to-face interviews. The data then were triangulated and analysed thematically. Findings The study reveals a recursive relationship between culture and PMSs, and identifies conflicting regulatory requirements and a lack of information technology capacity led to the development of dual, loosely coupled PMSs in the studied organisation. Research limitations/implications The findings may not be generalisable beyond a large, PSO in a developing country; the study did not consider the linkages between the integration of organisational- and individual-level PMSs and other PMSs; the study looked at only two notions of culture; and the study asked participants to recall past events, so was retrospective in its design. Practical implications The findings illustrate the need for public sector managers and key policymakers to use both formal and informal control systems, together with technical and social integration mechanisms, as well as management accounting (MA) and human resources management (HRM) control approaches, when attempting to integrate organisational- and individual-level PMSs in the PSOs of DCs. Social implications Future studies may usefully investigate the integration of organisational- and individual-level PMSs in different contexts, consider culture and contextual factors when investigating the integration of organisational- and individual-level PMSs in different contexts, examine whether national culture also substantially impacts PMSs in other countries and attempt to inform the MA literature by drawing on HRM theory and research on individual-level PMSs. Such studies may help to address the gap between PMS theory and practice and better allow MA researchers to contribute to practice. Originality/value The study contributes to management control systems (MCSs) and PMSs literature by extending our understandings in the relationship between accounting and non-accounting controls, the contextual factors that affect PMSs and highlighting the importance of considering cultural context when integrating PMSs in the PSOs of DCs.

The impact of overeducated and undereducated workers on establishment-level productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Grunau
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Mismatch ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hr Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – Many contributions to the educational mismatch literature address the productivity effects of both excess and deficit educational attainments for workers at the individual level. Due to the limited transferability of their results to establishment-level performance, especially when allowing for the possibility of spillover effects from mismatched workers to their well-matched colleagues, from an employer’s point of view, it is highly important to know the net effect of educationally mismatched employees on productivity at the establishment level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the impact of overeducated and undereducated workers among an establishment’s workforce on its productivity, providing first representative evidence for Germany. Using linked employer-employee data from Germany, the author estimates dynamic panel production functions using a system GMM estimator. Findings – The author finds that undereducated workers among an establishment’s workforce impair its (establishment-level) productivity, implying that an establishment’s HR management should avoid the recruitment of undereducated workers, at least if they follow a short-term personnel policy. The effect for overeducated employees is also negative, albeit small and insignificant. Originality/value – The consideration of the phenomena of over and undereducation from the employer’s point of view provides further insight into the consequences of educational mismatch.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Wisdom of the Confident Crowd in Medical Image Decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeshan Hasan ◽  
Quentin Eichbaum ◽  
Adam Seegmiller ◽  
Charles Stratton ◽  
Jennifer Trueblood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Final Response ◽  
Novices And Experts ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Metacognitive Ability

Improving the accuracy of medical image interpretation is critical to improving the diagnosis of many diseases. Using both novices (undergraduates) and experts (medical professionals), we investigated methods for improving the accuracy of a single decision maker and a group of decision makers by aggregating repeated decisions in different ways. Participants made classification decisions (cancerous versus non-cancerous) and confidence judgments on a series of cell images, viewing and classifying each image twice. We first examined whether it is possible to improve individual-level performance by using the maximum confidence slating algorithm (Koriat, 2012b), which leverages metacognitive ability by using the most confident response for an image as the ‘final response’. We find maximum confidence slating improves individual classification accuracy for both novices and experts. Building on these results, we show that aggregation algorithms based on confidence weighting scale to larger groups of participants, dramatically improving diagnostic accuracy, with the performance of groups of novices reaching that of individual experts. In sum, we find that repeated decision making and confidence weighting can be a valuable way to improve accuracy in medical image decision-making and that these techniques can be used in conjunction with each other.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Competences in E-Services Adoption and Assimilation in SMEs

2009 ◽  
pp. 1089-1102
Author(s):  
Ada Scupola
Keyword(s):  
Medium Size ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Conceptual Skills ◽  
Reservation System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Business To Business

This article investigates the competences deemed necessary both at top managerial and individual levels for the successful adoption and assimilation of business-to-business e-services in small and medium size enterprises. To this end, an in-depth case study of a business-to-business e-service system, a Web-based travel reservation system, was conducted. The results show that three main competences, namely vision, value and control, are important at top management level for the primary adoption of e-services. For secondary adoption and assimilation, three categories of competences were identified as being important either to have or to develop at the individual level, namely technical, interpersonal and conceptual skills.

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