Characterization of the Y–Fe–O ultrafine particles containing a new compound YFe(3+x)O1.5(4+x) synthesized by rf thermal plasmas

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sugasawa ◽  
N Kikukawa ◽  
Y Nagano ◽  
N Kayano ◽  
T Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Thermal Plasmas

Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Airport-related Ultrafine Particles using Liquid Chromatography – High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ungeheuer ◽  
Diana Rose ◽  
Dominik van Pinxteren ◽  
Florian Ditas ◽  
Stefan Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ionization Mode ◽  
Lubrication Oils

<p>We present the results from a chemical characterization study of ultrafine particles (UFP), collected nearby Frankfurt International Airport where particle size distribution measurements showed high number concentrations for particles with a diameter <50 nm. Aluminium filter samples were collected at an air quality monitoring station in a distance of 4 km to Frankfurt airport, using the 13-stage cascade impactor Nano-MOUDI (MSP Model-115). The chemical characterization of the ultrafine particles in the size range of 0.010-0.018 μm, 0.018-0.032 μm and 0.032-0.056 μm was accomplished by the development of an optimized filter extraction method. An UHPLC method for chromatographic separation of homologous series of hydrophobic and high molecular weight organic compounds, followed by heated electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass analysis using an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer was developed. Using a non-target screening, ~200 compounds were detected in the positive ionization mode after filtering, in order to ensure high quality of the obtained data. We determined the molecular formula of positively charged adducts ([M+H]<sup>+</sup>; [M+Na]<sup>+</sup>), and for each impaction stage we present molecular fingerprints (Molecular weight vs Retention time, Kroll-diagram, Van-Krevelen-diagram, Kendrick mass defect plot) in order to visualize the complex chemical composition. The negative ionization mode led only to the detection of a few compounds (<20) for which reason the particle characterization focuses on the positive ionization mode. We found that the majority of detected compounds belong to homologous series of two different kinds of organic esters, which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. In reference to five different jet engine lubrication oils of various manufacturers, we identified the corresponding lubricant base stocks and their additives in the ultrafine particles by the use of matching retention time, exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern of single organic molecules. As the relevance of the chemical composition of UFP regarding human health is depending on the mass contribution of each compound we strived for quantification of the jet engine oil compounds. This was achieved by standard addition of purchased original standards to the native sample extracts. Two amines serving as stabilizers, one organophosphate used as an anti-wear agent/metal deactivator and two ester base stocks were quantified. Quantification of the two homologous ester series was carried out using one ester compound and cross-calibration. The quantitative determination is burdened by the uncertainty regarding sampling artefacts in the Nano-MOUDI. Therefore we characterized the cascade impactor in a lab experiment using the ester standard. Particle size distribution measurements conducted parallel to the filter sampling enables the determination of jet engine oil contribution to the UFP mass. Results indicate that aircraft emissions strongly influence the mass balance of 0.010-0.018 μm particles. This contribution decreases for bigger sized particles (0.018-0.056 μm) as presumably more sources get involved. The hereby-introduced method allows the qualitative and quantitative assignment of aircraft emissions towards the chemical composition and total mass of airport related ultrafine particles.</p>

Synthesis and characterization of iron carbonitride ultrafine particles

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 7911-7915 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. Zhao ◽  
Y. Liang ◽  
Z. Q. Hu ◽  
B. X. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization

The preparation and characterization of ZnO ultrafine particles

2002 ◽  
Vol 332 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Jing ◽  
Zili Xu ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
Xiaojun Sun ◽  
Weimin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles in the Los Angeles Area

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara S. Hughes ◽  
Glen R. Cass ◽  
Jec Gone ◽  
Michael Ames ◽  
Ilhan Olmez
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Comparative Study of Characterization of the Ultrafine and Nanoparticle Emissions on Modified Indian Driving Cycle for Passenger Cars Operating on Diesel and CNG – Phase Wise Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Husein Adam Nakhawa ◽  
S.S. Thipse
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Passenger Cars

Today, in the automotive emissions ultrafine and nanoparticles emissions are of very high importance because of their vulnerable effects to environment and human health causing respiratory problems like bronchitis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancers spreading in all age groups in the society leading to premature death [1]. Therefore, characterization of ultrafine and nanoparticles in terms of their size distribution and number concentration for the automobiles operating on various fuels and traffic conditions is of great importance in understanding the phenomenon and the adverse effects. Various research studies carried out at international level show the adverse health effects due to ultrafine particles from C.I. and S.I. engines and hence, there is definite need to examine for the particulate mass, size and number concentration considering social needs [2].Even after very stringent emission norms which were tightened over the years and today down to more than 97% from it’s baseline norms couldn’t show proportionate improvement in the ambient air quality. Climate effects inevitably lead to health effects leading to premature death due to ultrafine particles from the automotive exhaust [1]. Recent WHO report confirmed the vulnerable effect of diesel particles in terms of carcinogenicity and severe health effects of diesel fuel used in automotive sector [3]. European regulations has taken the steps to address this concern by introducing new norms for particle number and PM2.5 as 6 x 1011 and 4.5 mg/km respectively [4]. Investigations carried out on GDI vehicles show substantial ultrafine and nanosize particle emissions and by number, nearly all of the particles emitted by a diesel engine are nanoparticles which are also true for gasoline engines [5]. Like gasoline engines other S.I. engines, even though they look very clean as there is no visible smoke and large particles emitted in their exhaust, it is necessary to investigate them. Very limited research work has been carried out particularly, on CNG engines/ vehicles for their PM and PN levels at national and international level. Characterization of ultrafine and nanoparticles in terms of their size distribution and number concentration for the automobiles operating on various fuels and traffic conditions is of great importance in understanding the phenomenon and their significance.In this context and understanding the social need this research work was carried out to investigate experimentally the significance of CNG and diesel passenger car for it’s contribution to particle number (PN) and PM2.5. This work includes comparative investigation of CNG and diesel passenger cars to characterize the ultrafine and nanoparticle emissions on modified Indian driving cycle. CNG passenger car show large peak of PN emissions during cold starting phase at the beginning of the test cycle which is almost twice that of diesel vehicle but it settles down to lower level as the vehicle gets warmed up. During acceleration and cruising operation on extra urban cycle under heavy load the PN emissions from CNG car are higher in magnitude. For diesel car, urban part of cycle contributes approximately 53% compared to 25% for CNG vehicle and rest 47% and 75% is contributed by extra urban part towards PN emissions.This research paper covers experimental Investigation carried out to compare the behavior of diesel and CNG passenger cars to characterize the particle emissions and to identify the significance of different operating phases viz. idling, acceleration, deceleration and cruising for their contributions to Particle number and size distribution pattern on urban and on extra urban part of the driving cycle.

Characterization of ultrafine particles in Taipei aerosols

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 248-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Hung ◽  
C.S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles

scholarly journals Ultrafine Magnetic Particles: A DIET-Proxy in Organic Rich Sediments?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Teixeira Ustra ◽  
Carlos Mendonça ◽  
Aruã da Silva Leite ◽  
Melina Macouin ◽  
Rory Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Environmental Magnetism ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Isothermal Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Brownfield Site

In this work we present results of the magnetic properties characterization of sediment samples from a brownfield site that is generating methane biogas in São Paulo–Brazil. We applied interpretation procedures (frequency dependent susceptibility and time-dependent Isothermal Remanent Magnetization) appropriate to study the ultrafine magnetic fraction response of the samples. The higher content of superparamagnetic (SP) particles correlates well with the detected biogas pockets, suggesting that the methanogens activity produces these ultrafine particles, different from the magnetic particles at other depth levels. We propose the use of two simple measurement and interpretation techniques to identify such magnetic particles fingerprints. The results presented here support the use of environmental magnetism techniques to investigate biogeochemical processes of anaerobic microbial activity.

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