Ionic liquids: Promising green solvents for lignocellulosic biomass utilization

Lignocellulosic biomass containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin is significantly analyzed via methods from infrared to microscopy. These methods help researchers to explore the organic or inorganic functional groups and physical surface impacts microscopically on the particles of the pretreated biomass. Some concerns arise in understanding the data results. An investigation with the presence of ionic liquids on Leucaena Leucocephala (Petai Belalang), Acacia Auriculiformis and Melastoma Malabathricum (Senduduk) are reported via the results of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The model ionic liquids as green solvents used are 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate (EMIMAc) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride (EMIMCl). This work is very essential to sustain preliminary reliable understanding on the chemical and physical effects on lignocellulosic biomass during pretreatment with solvents.

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The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Lignin Separation from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4864

Author(s):

Isa Hasanov ◽

Merlin Raud ◽

Timo Kikas

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Scale Production ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Protic Ionic Liquids ◽

The Cost ◽

Industrial Scale Production

Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. This review gives an overview of the field of lignin separation from lignocellulosic biomass and changes that occur in the biomass during this process, as well as taking a detailed look at the influence of parameters that lead the process of dissolution. According to recent studies, a number of ionic liquids (ILs) have shown a level of potential for industrial scale production in terms of the pretreatment of biomass. ILs are perspective green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. These properties in ILs enable one to disrupt the complex structure of lignocellulose. In addition, the physicochemical properties of aprotic and protic ionic liquids (PILs) are summarized, with those properties making them suitable solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment which, especially, target lignin. The aim of the paper is to focus on the separation of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, by keeping all components susceptible for biorefinery processes. The discussion includes interaction mechanisms between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and ILs to increase the lignin yield. According to our research, certain PILs have potential for the cost reduction of LC biomass pretreatment on the feasible separation of lignin.

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Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents

10.1021/bk-2003-0856 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 208

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Green Solvents

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Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

10.26434/chemrxiv.5384293.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jose A. Pomposo

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Linear Polymers ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Ionic Polymers ◽

First Time ◽

Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

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Ionic Liquids for Topical Delivery in Cancer

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181026110227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (41) ◽

pp. 7520-7532 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana Rita Dias ◽

João Costa-Rodrigues ◽

Cátia Teixeira ◽

Cristina Prudêncio ◽

Paula Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Great Promise ◽

Topical Drug Delivery ◽

Green Solvents ◽

2Nd Generation ◽

Windows Of Opportunity ◽

Pharmaceutical Technology ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Per Se

: The unique properties of ionic liquids make them quite appealing for diverse applications, from “green” solvents (1st generation ionic liquids) to finely tuned materials (2nd generation ionic liquids). A decade ago, a 3rd generation of ionic liquids emerged which is focused on their prospective clinical applications, either as drugs per se or as adjuvants in drug formulations. In recent years, research focused on the use of ionic liquids for topical drug delivery has been increasing and holds great promise towards clinical application against skin cancers. This article highlights the growing relevance of ionic liquids in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical technology, which is opening new windows of opportunity.

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Lignin to Value-Added Chemical Synthesis

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411016666200108152127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdieh Sharifi ◽

Ramyakrishna Pothu ◽

Rajender Boddula ◽

Inamuddin

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Academic Research ◽

Power Saving ◽

Value Added ◽

Glycerol Ether ◽

Model Compounds ◽

Lignin Model Compounds ◽

Biomass Activity ◽

Lignin Model

Background: There is a developing demand for innovation in petroleum systems replacements. Towards this aim, lignocellulosic biomass suggested as a possible sustainable source for the manufacturing of fuels and produced chemicals. The aims of this paper are to investigate different kinds of β-O-4 lignin model compounds for the production of value-added chemicals in presence of ionic liquids. Especially, a cheap β-O-4 lignin model Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) is introduced to produce valuable chemicals and novel products. Methods: Research related to chemical depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass activity is reviewed, the notes from different methods such as thermal and microwave collected during at least 10 years. So, this collection provides a good source for academic research and it gives an efficient strategy for the manufacturing of novel value-added chemicals at an industrial scale. Results: This research presented that ionic liquid microwave-assisted is a power saving, cost efficient, fast reaction, and clean way with high selectively and purity for production of high value chemicals rather that conversional heating. Guaiacol and catechol are some of these valuable chemicals that is produced from β-O-4 lignin model compounds with high word demands that are capable to produce in industry scale. Conclusion: The β-O-4 lignin model compounds such as Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) are good platform for developing food materials, perfumery, biorefinery, and pharmaceutical industry by ionic liquids-assisted lignin depolymerization method.

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Green Chemistry and Green Solvents: An Overview

Current Green Chemistry ◽

10.2174/2213346107999200709132815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 314-325

Author(s):

Barla Karuna Devi ◽

Swathi Naraparaju ◽

Chaganti Soujanya ◽

Sayan Dutta Gupta

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Chemical Reaction ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Eutectic Mixtures ◽

Organic Carbonates

: Green chemistry emphasizes designing novel routes to overcome health and environmental problems that occur during a chemical reaction. Green solvents are used in place of conventional solvents that are hazardous to both human and the environment. Solvents like water, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, biosolvents, organic carbonates, and deep eutectic mixtures can be used as green solvents. The review focuses on the properties, applications, and limitations of these solvents.

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Measurement of the hydrogen bond acceptance of ionic liquids and green solvents by the 19F solvatomagnetic comparison method

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc04104a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Laurence ◽

Sergui Mansour ◽

Daniela Vuluga ◽

Julien Legros

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Comparison Method ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Reliable Measurement

A 19F solvatomagnetic comparison of 4-fluorophenol and 4-fluoroanisole yields a more reliable measurement of the hydrogen-bond acceptance of ionic liquids and green solvents than the solvatochromic comparison method.

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