scholarly journals Effect of infant formula supplemented with prebiotics and probiotics on incidence of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 102795
Author(s):  
Kamil Rashidi ◽  
Mina Darand ◽  
Nazila Garousi ◽  
Azadeh Dehghani ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Effect of probiotic fermented dairy products on incidence of respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Rashidi ◽  
Bahman Razi ◽  
Mina Darand ◽  
Azadeh Dehghani ◽  
Parisa Janmohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fermented Dairy Products ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Fermented Dairy

Abstract Background Previous studies have suggested that the consumption of probiotic fermented dairy products (PFDP) may have a protective effect on respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, the results of studies are inconclusive. We aimed to systematically investigate the effect of PFDP on RTIs by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to October 2020 to identify eligible RCTs. Meta-analysis outcomes were risk of incidence of upper (URTIs ) and lower (LRTIs ) respiratory tract infections. A random-effects model was used to pool the relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes following conception of PFDP. Results A total of 22 RCTs, with a total sample size of 10,190 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, consumption of PFDP had a significant protective effect against RTIs in the overall analysis (RR = 0.81, 95 %CI: 0.74 to 0.89) and in children (RR = 0.82, 95 %CI: 0.73 to 0.93), adults (RR = 0.81, 95 %CI: 0.66 to 1.00), and elderly population (RR = 0.78, 95 %CI: 0.61 to 0.98). The significant decreased risk of RTIs was also observed for URTIs (RR = 0.83, 95 %CI: 0.73 to 0.93), while, this effect was marginal for LRTIs (RR = 0.78, 95 %CI: 0.60 to 1.01, P = 0.06). The disease-specific analysis showed that PFDP have a protective effect on pneumonia (RR = 0.76, 95 %CI: 0.61 to 0.95) and common cold (RR = 0.68, 95 %CI: 0.49 to 0.96). Conclusions Consumption of PFDP is a potential dietary approach for the prevention of RTIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence, aetiologies and prognosis of the symptom cough in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Bergmann ◽  
Jörg Haasenritter ◽  
Dominik Beidatsch ◽  
Sonja Schwarm ◽  
Kaja Hörner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Reason For Encounter ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Cough is a relevant reason for encounter in primary care. For evidence-based decision making, general practitioners need setting-specific knowledge about prevalences, pre-test probabilities, and prognosis. Accordingly, we performed a systematic review of symptom-evaluating studies evaluating cough as reason for encounter in primary care. Methods We conducted a search in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Eligibility criteria and methodological quality were assessed independently by two reviewers. We extracted data on prevalence, aetiologies and prognosis, and estimated the variation across studies. If justifiable in terms of heterogeneity, we performed a meta-analysis. Results We identified 21 eligible studies on prevalence, 12 on aetiology, and four on prognosis. Prevalence/incidence estimates were 3.8–4.2%/12.5% (Western primary care) and 10.3–13.8%/6.3–6.5% in Africa, Asia and South America. In Western countries the underlying diagnoses for acute cough or cough of all durations were respiratory tract infections (73–91.9%), influenza (6–15.2%), asthma (3.2–15%), laryngitis/tracheitis (3.6–9%), pneumonia (4.0–4.2%), COPD (0.5–3.3%), heart failure (0.3%), and suspected malignancy (0.2–1.8%). Median time for recovery was 9 to 11 days. Complete recovery was reported by 40.2- 67% of patients after two weeks, and by 79% after four weeks. About 21.1–35% of patients re-consulted; 0–1.3% of acute cough patients were hospitalized, none died. Evidence is missing concerning subacute and chronic cough. Conclusion Prevalences and incidences of cough are high and show regional variation. Acute cough, mainly caused by respiratory tract infections, is usually self-limiting (supporting a “wait-and-see” strategy). We have no setting-specific evidence to support current guideline recommendations concerning subacute or chronic cough in Western primary care. Our study presents epidemiological data under non non-pandemic conditions. It will be interesting to compare these data to future research results of the post-pandemic era.

scholarly journals Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262057
Author(s):  
Claire A. Woodall ◽  
Luke J. McGeoch ◽  
Alastair D. Hay ◽  
Ashley Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common and can cause gastrointestinal tract symptoms and changes to the gut microbiota, yet these effects are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the reported evidence of gut microbiome alterations in patients with a RTI compared to healthy controls (PROSPERO: CRD42019138853). We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and the Clinical Trial Database for studies published between January 2015 and June 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were human cohorts describing the gut microbiome in patients with an RTI compared to healthy controls and the infection was caused by a viral or bacterial pathogen. Dual data screening and extraction with narrative synthesis was performed. We identified 1,593 articles and assessed 11 full texts for inclusion. Included studies (some nested) reported gut microbiome changes in the context of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 5), influenza (H1N1 and H7N9) (n = 2), Tuberculosis (TB) (n = 4), Community-Acquired Pneumonia CAP (n = 2) and recurrent RTIs (rRTI) (n = 1) infections. We found studies of patients with an RTI compared to controls reported a decrease in gut microbiome diversity (Shannon) of 1.45 units (95% CI, 0.15–2.50 [p, <0.0001]) and a lower abundance of taxa (p, 0.0086). Meta-analysis of the Shannon value showed considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2, 94.42). Unbiased analysis displayed as a funnel plot revealed a depletion of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus and enrichment of Enterococcus. There was an important absence in the lack of cohort studies reporting gut microbiome changes and high heterogeneity between studies may be explained by variations in microbiome methods and confounder effects. Further human cohort studies are needed to understand RTI-induced gut microbiome changes to better understand interplay between microbes and respiratory health.

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