Desert landscape services: Insights from pastoralist communities in northern Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101243
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Dan ◽  
Lydia A. Olaka ◽  
Mamo Boru Mamo ◽  
Duncan Mutiso Chalo ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Landscape Services ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Desert Landscape

scholarly journals Context-specific complementary feeding recommendations developed using Optifood could improve the diets of breast-fed infants and young children from diverse livelihood groups in northern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Vossenaar ◽  
Frances A Knight ◽  
Alison Tumilowicz ◽  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Peter Chege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractObjectiveTo formulate age- and context-specific complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) for infants and young children (IYC) and to compare the potential of filling population-level nutrient gaps using common sets of CFR across age groups.DesignLinear programming was used to develop CFR using locally available and acceptable foods based on livelihood- and age-group-specific dietary patterns observed through 24 h dietary recalls. Within each livelihood group, the nutrient potential of age-group-specific v. consolidated CFR across the three age groups was tested.SettingThree food-insecure counties in northern Kenya; namely, settled communities from Isiolo (n 300), pastoralist communities from Marsabit (n 283) and agro-pastoralist communities from Turkana (n 299).SubjectsBreast-fed IYC aged 6–23 months (n 882).ResultsAge-specific CFR could achieve adequacy for seven to nine of eleven modelled micronutrients, except among 12–23-month-old children in agro-pastoralist communities. Contribution of Fe, Zn and niacin remained low for most groups, and thiamin, vitamin B6 and folate for some groups. Age-group-consolidated CFR could not reach the same level of nutrient adequacy as age-specific sets among the settled and pastoralist communities.ConclusionsContext- and age-specific CFR could ensure adequate levels of more modelled nutrients among settled and pastoralist IYC than among agro-pastoralist communities where use of nutrient-dense foods was limited. Adequacy of all eleven modelled micronutrients was not achievable and additional approaches to ensure adequate diets are required. Consolidated messages should be easier to implement as part of a behaviour change strategy; however, they would likely not achieve the same improvements in population-level dietary adequacy as age-specific CFR.

scholarly journals Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Associated with Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Dennis Getange ◽  
Joel L. Bargul ◽  
Esther Kanduma ◽  
Marisol Collins ◽  
Boku Bodha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Rickettsia Africae ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Rickettsia Aeschlimannii

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are major constraints to camel health and production, yet epidemiological data on their diversity and impact on dromedary camels remain limited. We surveyed the diversity of ticks and TBPs associated with camels and co-grazing sheep at 12 sites in Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We screened blood and ticks (858 pools) from 296 camels and 77 sheep for bacterial and protozoan TBPs by high-resolution melting analysis and sequencing of PCR products. Hyalomma (75.7%), Amblyomma (17.6%) and Rhipicephalus (6.7%) spp. ticks were morphologically identified and confirmed by molecular analyses. We detected TBP DNA in 80.1% of blood samples from 296 healthy camels. “Candidatus Anaplasma camelii”, “Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi” and Coxiella burnetii were detected in both camels and associated ticks, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Coxiella endosymbionts were detected in camel ticks. We also detected Ehrlichia ruminantium, which is responsible for heartwater disease in ruminants, in Amblyomma ticks infesting camels and sheep and in sheep blood, indicating its endemicity in Marsabit. Our findings also suggest that camels and/or the ticks infesting them are disease reservoirs of zoonotic Q fever (C. burnetii), ehrlichiosis (E. chaffeensis) and rickettsiosis (R. africae), which pose public health threats to pastoralist communities.

Documenting the health consequences of endemic warfare in three pastoralist communities of northern Kenya: A conceptual framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy L. Pike ◽  
Bilinda Straight ◽  
Matthias Oesterle ◽  
Charles Hilton ◽  
Adamson Lanyasunya
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pastoralist Communities

scholarly journals Ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in northern Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Getange ◽  
Joel L. Bargul ◽  
Esther Kanduma ◽  
Marisol Collins ◽  
Boku Bodha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Ehrlichia Ruminantium ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Rickettsia Africae ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Rickettsia Aeschlimannii

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are major constraints to camel health and production, yet epidemiological data on their diversity and impact on dromedary camels are limited. We sur-veyed the diversity of ticks and TBPs associated with camels and co-grazing sheep at 12 sites in Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We screened blood and ticks (858 pools) collected from 296 camels and 77 sheep for bacterial and protozoan TBPs by high-resolution melting analysis and sequencing of PCR products. Hyalomma (75.7%), Amblyomma (17.6%) and Rhipicephalus (6.7%) spp. ticks were morphologically identified and confirmed by molecular analyses. We detected TBP DNA in 80.1% of blood samples from 296 healthy camels. “Candidatus Anaplasma camelii”, “Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi” and Coxiella burnetii were detected in both camels and associ-ated ticks, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Coxiella endo-symbionts were detected in camel ticks. We also detected Ehrlichia ruminantium, responsible for heartwater disease in ruminants, in Amblyomma ticks infesting camels and sheep and in sheep blood, indicating its endemicity in Marsabit. Our findings also suggest that camels and/or the ticks infesting them are reservoirs of zoonotic Q fever (C. burnetii), ehrlichiosis (E. chaffeensis), and rickettsiosis (R. africae), which pose a public health threat to pastoralist communities.

Scaling the Necropolitical Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Rife
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Ecological Concept ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Desert Landscape ◽  
Ecological Potential

In this essay, I demonstrate how the ecological concept of “scaling” carries potential to animate critical logics in the Anthropocene. I argue that scaling can expose unexpected linkages across space and time that help to denaturalize particular ecological formations as entangled, rather than separate. I demonstrate the critical ecological potential of scaling by performing it rhizomatically, weaving across scales of space and time while juxtaposing theoretical concepts with my experiences of life as a resident in the urban desert landscape of Phoenix, AZ. This ecology ultimately reveals how climate change acts as a complex necropolitic of the Anthropocene.

The Mismeasurement of Cattle Ownership In Namibia's Northern Communal Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
Dylan Groves ◽  
Venomukona Tjiseua
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Ecological Variability ◽  
Pastoralist Communities ◽  
Pastoralist Community ◽  
Livestock Ownership ◽  
Communal Areas ◽  
Collection Methods

The standard approach to measuring livestock ownership in pastoralist communities relies on an assumption of uniformity that does not reflect the diverse concepts of ownership held by pastoralists themselves. In Namibia's Koakaveld Region, Himba and Herero pastoralist communities have a rich vocabulary for categorising the origins, usage rights and cultural valence of their cattle. Drawing on both authors' experience overseeing a large-scale rangeland management programme evaluation in Namibia's Northern Communal Areas – and one author's experience growing up in and keeping cattle in a Himba pastoralist community – we show how the standard approach to measuring cattle ownership undermines accurate estimates of livestock wealth, off-take and inequality, and obfuscates pastoralist's strategies for turning ecological variability to their advantage. We conclude with lessons about how multi-dimensional data collection methods improve upon the standard approach to livestock ownership measurements.

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