scholarly journals Thermal modeling and hydrocarbon generation of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Chia Gara Formation in Iraqi Kurdistan region, northern Zagros Fold Belt

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-713
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hail Hakimi ◽  
Ibrahim M.J. Mohialdeen ◽  
Ahmed Askar Al Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed M. El Nady
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan

FLEXURAL ISOSTATIC MODELLING AS A CONSTRAINT ON BASIN EVOLUTION, THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEDIMENT SYSTEMS AND PALAEO-HEAT FLOW: APPLICATION TO THE VULCAN SUB-BASIN, TIMOR SEA

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Baxter ◽  
G. T. Cooper ◽  
G. W. O'Brien ◽  
K. C. Hill ◽  
S. Sturrock
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Timor Sea

Although the petroleum industry is commonly interested in the upper few kilometres of the lithosphere, it is the deeper stretching events which may drive the development of regional thermal perturbations and which may overprint a significant thermal signature onto the shallower section. The Vulcan Sub-basin, which is located in the Timor Sea, northwestern Australia, has undergone a period of rifting during the Late Jurassic and shows a classic transition from intra-continental rifting to passive margin subsidence during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. A model has been developed of the Late Jurassic rifting history of the basin, which includes the flexural and stratigraphic response, and the development of the Cretaceous to Recent post- rift basin history. Quantification of the associated vertical motion of the lithosphere suggests that the transition is related to increased ductile extension in the lower crust and lithospheric mantle with little attendant upper crustal faulting to record the magnitude of this event in the structural history of the Vulcan Sub-basin. This lack of upper crustal deformation has resulted in an under- appreciation of the importance of this extensional event.By modelling the Jurassic to Recent basin history, a thermal model may be built allowing predictions of palaeo-heat flow during the critical time of hydrocarbon generation. The model predicts that during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, increased lower crust and lithospheric mantle extension produced a thermal anomaly of ~20mW/m2 across the Vulcan Sub-basin. The relaxation of this thermal anomaly in the Cretaceous and Tertiary produced a rapid post-rift subsidence which allowed flooding of the margin, with increased subsidence towards the northwest. However, the evolution of this thermal perturbation beneath the upper crust resulted in a time lag between Late Jurassic rifting and maximum basin heat flow in the Early Cretaceous of up to 30 million years after Callovian breakup Therefore, the simple relationship between upper crustal faulting and total lithosphere stretching common in intra-continental rifts is predicted to break dow n immediately preceding conti nental breakup and necessitates modelling of the transition from syn-rift to post-rift stratigraphy in order to predict the thermal history of the Vulcan Sub-basin.

Rekindling the Flame: Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Samme Dick
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Legislative Change ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
The World ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
New Religion

This article examines the emergence of Zoroastrianism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since 2015 as a new religion inspired by Kurdish nationalism, feminism, ecologism and humanism. The author argues that the emergence of Zoroastrianism at this particular time is due to a combination of the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in 2014, legislative change and the importance some Kurdish nationalists historically attached to Zoroastrianism as the suggested original religion of the Kurds. The article outlines the historical context of Zoroastrianism in Kurdistan, and then explores the origins, beliefs and organisational structure of Kurdish Zoroastrianism. Also discussed are the legislative changes enabling the rise of the movement since 2015. This study draws on interviews with Kurdish Zoroastrian leaders as well as with representatives from the World Zoroastrian Organization, the Kurdistan Regional Government’s Ministry of Endowments and Religious Affairs and the Alliance of Iraqi Minorities.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIJi nû ve pêxistina agir: Baweriya Zerduştî li Kurdistana IraqêEv gotar, li ser peydabûna Zerduştiyê li Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê hûr dibe, ku ji 2015an vir ve wek dînekî nû yê ji netewegeriya kurd, femînîzm, ekolojîzm û humanîzmê îlham wergirtî tê dîtin. Nivîskar îddia dike ku peydabûna Zerduştiyê ya bi taybetî wê demê ji ber hejmareke sedeman e: di 2014an de peydabûn û xurtbûna Dewleta Îslamî li Iraqê û Levantê, guherîna qanûnî û girîngiya nêrîna hin netewegerên kurd ku ji aliyê dîrokî Zerduştiyê wek dînê resen ê kurdan dibînin. Gotar, çarçoveya dîrokî ya Zerduştiyê li Kurdistanê bi kurtî rave dike û paşê li kok, bawerî û avahiya rêxistinî ya Zerduştiya kurdî dikole. Ji hêleke din, nîqaş dike ku guherînên hiqûqî ji 2015an vir ve rê li ber xurtbûna tevgerê vekiriye. Ev xebat xwe dispêre hevpeyvînên bi rêberên Zerduştiyên kurd re ligel hin şandeyên ji Rêxistina Zerduştiyan a Cîhanê, Wezareta Bexş û Karên Dînî ya Hikumeta Herêma Kurdistanê û Hevpeymaniya Kêmîneyên Iraqê.ABSTRACT IN SORANIGeşandinewey agireke: Zerdeştêtî le Kurdistanî ÊraqdaEm babete timaşay rewşî  wediyarkewtinî Zerdeştêtî dekat le Kurdistanî Êraqda, le sall 2010da wek ayînêkî nwê debînrêt ke le netewegerîy kurdî, fêmênîzm, jîngeparêzî û mirovparêzî îlham werdegirêt. Nûser bangeşey ewe dekat ke derkewtinî Zerdeştêtî lem kateda ke Dewlletî Îslamî Da'îş le Şam û Êraq le 2013 ser helldeda û be yasa rêgey pê dedirêt, şitêkî giringe  bo gerranewey kurd bo  ayînî neteweyî xoy wek ewey ke hendêk kurdî neteweperist  basî deken.  Babeteke rîşey mêjûyî Zerdeştêtî le Kurdistan nîşan dedat, herwaş rîşey  bawerr û binaẍey damezrawey Zerdeştêtî dedate ber roşnayî. Dîsan guftugoy gorranî yasa lew bareyewe bote hoyî derkewtinî em ayîne le 2015da. Em babete legell serok û bawerrdaranî Zerdeştîy le Kurdistan û damezrawey Zerdeştîyanî cîhanî û legell wezaretî karubarî ayînî le ḧukumetî herêmî Kurdistan û damezrawey kemînekanî Êraqda çawpêkewtinî encam dawe.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKINewe ra geşkerdişê adirî: Kurdîstanê Îraqî de zerduştîyeNa meqale qayîtê zerduştîye kena ke sey bawerîya newîye serra 2015î ra nat Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî de vejîyaye û hetê neteweperwerîya kurdan, femînîzm, dorûverperwerîye û merdimperwerîye ra îlham girewt. Nuştox musneno ke vejîyayîşê zerduştî yê ê demî çend sebeban ra qewimîya: hêzdarbîyayîşê DAÎŞ yê serra 2014î, vurîyayîşê qanûnî û tayê neteweperwerê kurdan ê ke tarîx de giranî daye zerduştîye ser ke aye sey dînê kurdan o eslî pêşnîyaz bikerê. Na meqale xulasaya kontekstê tarîxî yê zerduştîya Kurdîstanî dana û dima esl, bawerî û awanîya rêxistinan yê zerduştîya kurdan ser o cigêrayîş kena. Ser o kî vurîyayîşê qanûnî munaqeşe benê. Nê vurîyayîşî serra 2015î ra nat vejîyayîşê tevger kerd mumkîn. No cigêrayîş roportajanê bi serekanê kurdan ê zerduştîye û bi temsîlkaranê Rêxistina Zerduştîyan a Dinya, Wezaretê Ewqaf û Kar û Barê Dînî yê hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî û Yewîya Eqalîyetanê Îraqî esas gêno

AGE MODEL FOR LATE JURASSIC THROUGH EARLY CRETACEOUS USED IN THE GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE 2012/2016 REFERENCE SCALES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Ogg ◽  
◽  
Chunju Huang ◽  
Chunju Huang ◽  
Linda A. Hinnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Age Model

Theropod teeth from the basalmost Cretaceous of Anoual (Morocco) and their palaeobiogeographical significance

2009 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. KNOLL ◽  
J. I. RUIZ-OMEÑACA
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Dispersal Events ◽  
Early Occurrence

AbstractThe theropod teeth from the Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) site of Anoual (N Morocco) are described. The assemblage is important in that it comes from one of the very few dinosaur sites of this age globally and the only one for the whole of Gondwana. The theropod teeth from Anoual are morphologically diverse. Most of the material possibly belongs to the clade Dromaeosauridae, which would be an early occurrence for this taxon. The palaeogeographic position of Anoual enables it to provide data on the dispersal events that affected terrestrial faunas during Mesozoic times. A Laurasian influence is evidenced by the presence of Velociraptorinae and, on the whole, the theropod fauna from Anoual provides support for the existence of a trans-Tethyan passage allowing terrestrial faunal interchanges during Late Jurassic and/or earliest Cretaceous times. Additionally, Anoual records the existence of diminutive theropods. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the small size of the specimens is genetic or ontogenetic.

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