Delayed memory in ADHD children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S354-S354
Author(s):  
O. Lvova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Control

IntroductionIt is known that children with ADHD have deficit in cognitive abilities. However there are different opinions about the nature of this deficit. It is necessary to conduct researchers for revealing specific profile of impairments in different cognitive domains in ADHD children to better understanding the nature of this disorder.AimsThe aim of this research was to examine the hypothesis that children with ADHD have a specific deficit in memory – weakness in delayed memory.MethodsThe experimental group included 15 Russian-speaking children with ADHD at age 7–8 years. The control group included 15 typically developing children. The children from experimental and control group were matched for IQ, gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with NEPSY using memory for names subtest. This subtest is designed to assess the ability to learn the names of children in immediate and delayed conditions. Two-way ANOVA was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the names in two conditions.ResultsWe have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in the reproducing the names in immediate condition.However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (P ≤ 0.05). ADHD children were less successful in reproducing the names in delayed condition.ConclusionsIn view of the obtained results, it can be assumed that children with ADHD have specific deficit in memory domain – weakness in delayed memory. It is necessary to confirm this result using different memory tasks.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Visual delayed memory in ADHD children

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S445-S446
Author(s):  
S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽  
And Control

It was shown that children with ADHD have deficit in cognitive abilities. Particularly, in our previous research we have revealed that children with ADHD have weakness have deficit in memory for faces and for names in delayed recall condition.The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that children with ADHD have weakness in visual memory in delayed recall condition.The experimental group included 19 children with ADHD at age 6–7 years. The control group included 19 typically developing children. The children from experimental and control group were matched for IQ, gender and age.Children from both groups were assessed with visual memory subtest from Luria's neuropsychological assessment battery. This subtest is designed to assess the ability to perform the visual memory for objects in immediate and delayed conditions. Two-way ANOVA was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the objects in two conditions.We have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in the reproducing the objects in immediate condition. However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (P ≤ 0.05). ADHD children were less successful in reproducing the objects in delayed condition.In view of the obtained results, it can be assumed that children with ADHD have specific deficit in memory domain – weakness in delayed memory.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Deficit in executive abilities as a risk factor for emerging weakness in grammar understanding in Russian-speaking children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S131-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Executive Abilities

IntroductionWeakness in grammar understanding is key future of specific language impairment (SLI) in children. There has been a considerable amount of work on the language abilities of children with SLI, but we still know relatively little about their other cognitive abilities –in particular their non-linguistic cognitive strengths and weaknesses.AimsThe aim of this research was to examine the hypothesis that Russian-speaking children at the age of 4 with deficit in executive abilities have a risk for emerging weakness in grammar understanding at the age of 6.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-five children at the age of 4 were assessed with the NEPSY to reveal children with different level of executive abilities. We have revealed 21 children with deficit in executive abilities. The control group included 21 children with typical level of executive abilities. The children from experimental and control group were matched for IQ and gender. In the framework of longitudinal research, children at the age of 6 from both groups were assessed by Grammar Understanding Test from Luria's neuropsychological assessment technique.ResultsTwo-way ANOVAs with repeated measures revealed significant differences between groups for scores in the Grammar Understanding Test. Children from experimental group had weakness in grammar understanding.ConclusionsWe have revealed that children at the age of 4 with weakness in executive abilities have a risk for emerging weakness in grammar understanding at the age of 6. In view of the obtained results, it can be assumed that executive abilities have influence on the development of grammar understanding in preschool children.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

The impact of illness variables of a sample of ADHD children on their parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S343-S343
Author(s):  
M. Abdelhameed ◽  
M. Hassan ◽  
N. Abdelfadeel ◽  
M. Abdelshaheed
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Study Type ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe symptoms and behavior of children with ADHD impose demands and difficulties on part of their caring parents, which may cause the latter group to suffer psychological stress.ObjectivesThe study of the suffering and symptomatic expression of psychological stress in parents of children with ADHD.AimsTo study type and severity of symptoms in children with ADHD and the effect of that on the stress response of their parents.MethodsThirty-seven children with ADHD diagnosed clinically and with Conner's Test were studied using Child Behavior Chick List (CBCL). Available parents for each child were interviewed and studied with Symptom Chick List 90 Revised (SCL90R). Two control groups were used for both ADHD children and their parents.ResultsThe mean age of the children with ADHD was 7.1 ± 1.6, they were 22 males and 15 females. Parents of these children scored highly on total and subscales of SCL90R, they were significantly higher than their control group on total and some of these subscales including somatization, interpersonal, depression, paranoid ideation and hostility domains. Depression and paranoid ideation of ADHD children parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of Conner's test of their children. In addition, somatization, depression and hostility of parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of CBCL of their ADHD children.ConclusionsThe symptoms, behavior and severity of illness of children with ADHD have a great impact on their parents’ psychological state of suffering and stress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Effects of Cancer, Chemotherapy and Cytokines on Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning Among Patients with Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen ◽  
Chin-Kuo Lin ◽  
Han-Pin Hsiao ◽  
Bor-Show Tzang ◽  
Yen-Hsuan Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Semantic Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Chemotherapy Patients ◽  
And Control

Background: We aimed to investigate the associations of breast cancer (BC) and cancer-related chemotherapies with cytokine levels, and cognitive function. Methods: We evaluated subjective and objective cognitive function in BC patients before chemotherapy and 3~9 months after the completion of chemotherapy. Healthy volunteers without cancer were also compared as control group. Interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12p70, 13, 17A, 1β, IFNγ, and TNFα were measured. Associations of cancer status, chemotherapy and cytokine levels with subjective and objective cognitive impairments were analyzed using a regression model, adjusting for covariates, including IQ and psychological distress. Results: After adjustment, poorer performance in semantic verbal fluency was found in the post-chemotherapy subgroup compared to controls (p = 0.011, η2 = 0.070); whereas pre-chemotherapy patients scored higher in subjective cognitive perception. Higher IL-13 was associated with lower semantic verbal fluency in the post-chemotherapy subgroup. Higher IL-10 was associated with better perceived cognitive abilities in the pre-chemotherapy and control groups; while IL-5 and IL-13 were associated with lower perceived cognitive abilities in pre-chemotherapy and control groups. Our findings from mediation analysis further suggest that verbal fluency might be affected by cancer status, although mediated by anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that verbal fluency might be affected by cancer status, although mediated by anxiety. Different cytokines and their interactions may have different roles of neuroinflammation or neuroprotection that need further research.

scholarly journals Increased Delay Discounting on a Novel Real-Time Task among Girls, but not Boys, with ADHD

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri S. Rosch ◽  
Stewart H. Mostofsky
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Girls With Adhd

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine delay discounting in girls and boys with ADHD-Combined type (ADHD-C) relative to typically developing (TD) children on two tasks that differ in the extent to which the rewards and delays were experienced by participants. Children ages 8–12 years with ADHD-C (n=65; 19 girls) and TD controls (n=55; 15 girls) completed two delay discounting tasks involving a series of choices between smaller, immediate and larger, delayed rewards. The classic delay discounting task involved choices about money at delays of 1–90 days and only some of the outcomes were actually experienced by the participants. The novel real-time discounting task involved choices about an immediately consumable reward (playing a preferred game) at delays of 25–100 s, all of which were actually experienced by participants. Participants also provided subjective ratings of how much they liked playing the game and waiting to play. Girls with ADHD-C displayed greater delay discounting compared to boys with ADHD-C and TD girls and boys on the real-time discounting task. Diagnostic group differences were not evident on the classic discounting task. In addition, children with ADHD-C reported wanting to play the game more and liking waiting to play the game less than TD children. This novel demonstration of greater delay discounting among girls with ADHD-C on a discounting task in which the rewards are immediately consumable and the delays are experienced in real-time informs our understanding of sex differences and motivational processes in children with ADHD. (JINS, 2016, 22, 12–23)

scholarly journals How to Predict the Impact of Methylphenidate on Cardiovascular Risk in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder: Methylphenidate Improves Autonomic Dysfunction in Children with ADHD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Buchhorn ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Christian Willaschek ◽  
Kambiz Norozi
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Heart Defect ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Impact

Background. Although stimulants have long been touted as treatments for attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), in recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about the cardiovascular safety of these medications. We aimed to prove if measurements of autonomic function with time domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter ECG are useful to predict the risk of sudden cardiac death in ADHD children and adolescents. Methods. We analysed HRV obtained from children with the diagnosis of ADHD prior to (N=12) or during medical therapy (N=19) with methylphenidate (MPH), aged 10.8±2.0 years (mean ± SD), who were referred to our outpatient Paediatric Cardiology Clinic to rule out heart defect. As a control group, we compared the HRV data of 19 age-matched healthy children without heart defect. Results. Average HRV parameters from 24-hour ECG in the ADHD children prior to MPH showed significant lower values compared to healthy children with respect to rMSSD (26±4 ms versus 44±10 ms, P≤0.0001) and pNN50 (6.5±2.7% versus 21.5±9.0%, P≤0.0001). These values improved in MPH-treated children with ADHD (RMSSD: 36±8 ms; pNN50: 14.2±6.9%). Conclusion. Children who suffer from ADHD show significant changes in HRV that predominantly reflects diminished vagal tone, a well-known risk factor of sudden cardiac death in adults. In our pilot study, MPH treatment improved HRV.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Associated with Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy on Children with Attention Defect Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kianbakht ◽  
Sedighe Naghel ◽  
Freshte Alidadi ◽  
Vahid Nejati ◽  
Hossien Kohandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
And Control

Objectives: Neurofeedback is known as a modern therapy for hyperactive children, nevertheless it is not a complete therapy for these patients. The goal of this therapy is to create a complete therapy for ADHD children, so neurofeedback is used with cognitive rehabilitation therapy to make more integrated therapy. Method: this is an experimental study. 30 subjects were selected through random selection from women who referred to 5 clinics of Tehran city, and they were placed into 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. Groups are matched in age, sexuality and economic situation. One group just received neurofeedback into 10 sessions, another group received neurofeedback plus cognitive rehabilitation therapy at the same during, and control group received no therapy or they leaved the therapy at the first steps. Integrated visual and auditory test (IVA) was used as pretest and posttest, to measure two factors (attention and impulsivity) in ADHD children. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy protocol is based on work of Nejati (1391). Data evaluated by dependent T test and analysis of covariance. Results: according to findings, there is meaningful difference between all groups in attention and impulsivity factors. The group who received neurofeedback plus cognitive rehabilitation therapy showed more improvement in attention and impulsivity factors. Also there was a meaningful difference between neurofeedback group and control group in attention factor. Conclusion: neurofeedback is supposed as a facilitator therapy to improve attention factor in ADHD children, but not as a complete therapy, especially about performance factors. Also, it is better to use a complementary therapy such as cognitive rehabilitation therapy that focuses more on performance factors. It leads to more positive effects on impulsivity or even hyperactivity.

scholarly journals The significance of polymorphisms of gene coagulation factors VII and XIII in the pathogenesis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
M.A. Panin ◽  
◽  
N.V Zagorodnii ◽  
A.V. Boiko ◽  
L.M. Samokhodskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Aseptic Necrosis ◽  
And Control

Introduction Non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a poly-etiologic and socially significant disease in the age of 20 to 50 years and is associated with disability. Research on the identification of necrosis causes/predictors is a relevant issue. Purpose To study the contribution of polymorphisms in the genes of coagulation factors F7 and F13 in the aetiology of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Methods Polymorphisms of the genes of coagulation factors F7 and F13 were studied; comparative analysis of the frequency of important allelic variants of F7genes (Arg353Gln) and F13 (Val134Leu) in patients with a verified diagnosis of aseptic necrosis (study group) and in healthy patients (control group) was performed. The study group included 41 patients (all males) with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head of unknown etiology. Results The frequency of gene alleles in the F7 Arg353Gln in the study group were: GG in 30 out of 41 patients (73.2 %), GA in 11 out of 41 patients (26.8 %), and none of 41 patients had a polymorphic variant AA. The frequency of alleles of this type of gene in the control group was as follows: GG in 7 out of 320 subjects (2.2 %), GA in 66 out of 320 patients (20.6 %), AA in 247 out of 320 (77.2 %). Significant differences were identified in the frequencies of homozygous genotypes, AA (χ2 = 100.215, p < 0.001) and GG (χ2 = 205.770, p < 0.001) in the study and control groups respectively. As for the heterozygous GA genotype, the differences were not significant (χ2 = 0.834, p = 0.362). The GG genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13 WAS 2.8 times more frequent in patients of the study group, differences were statistically significant (26.8 % against 9.7 %, χ2 = 10.388; p = 0.002). The presence of the TT genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13 was almost five times more frequent (χ2 = 18.956, p < 0.001) in healthy individuals (control group). Differences in the frequency of allele T in homo/ and heterozygous combinations (TT and GT) in the study and control groups was also significant (72.7 % vs 90.1 %, respectively, χ2 = 4.946, p = 0.027). Discussion Polymorphisms of coagulation factors genes F7 and F13 have a significant effect on the genesis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Risk factor of ANFH development is homozygous GG genotype in the gene Arg353Gln F7. Low probability of the disease is due to a protective role of AA genotype of the gene Arg353Gln F7 and TT genotype of the gene Val134Leu F13.

Relations Between Sleep and Temperament in Preschool Children With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Melegari ◽  
Stefania Sette ◽  
Elena Vittori ◽  
Luca Mallia ◽  
Alessandra Devoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Character Inventory

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the links between temperament and sleep in a group of preschoolers with ADHD. Method: Twenty-five ADHD ( M = 5.37 years, SD = 1.09) and 22 typically developing (TD; M = 5.10, SD = 1.18) preschoolers participated in the study. Sleep was assessed with the Sleep Disturbance Scale and wrist actigraphy. The Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (PsTCI) was used to evaluate the child temperament. Results: ADHD children showed a temperamental profile characterized by higher novelty seeking, lower persistence, self-directness, and cooperativeness and marginally lower harm avoidance (HA) compared with controls. HA was associated negatively to wakefulness after sleep onset and sleep fragmentation and positively with sleep efficiency and sleep time. Reward dependence was negatively associated with wake episode length. Conclusion: Sleep and temperament are correlated in preschoolers with ADHD and temperament might represent an intermediate endophenotype underlying the relation between ADHD and sleep disorders.

I Will Use Declarative Self-Talk . . . or Will I? Replication, Extension, and Meta-Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Erika D. Van Dyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control

A series of studies was conducted by Senay et al. in 2010 to replicate and extend research indicating that self-posed questions have performance benefits. Studies 1–3 compared the effects of the self-posed interrogative question (“Will I?”) to declarative (“I will”) and control self-talk, and found no significant group differences in motivation, perceived exertion, or performance. In Studies 4–5, interrogative, declarative, and control self-talk primes were compared, and no outcome differences were found. In Study 6, the effects of self-talk on motivation, perceived exertion, and physical performance were assessed. The self-talk groups performed better and were more motivated than the control group, but declarative and interrogative groups did not differ from each other. Finally, meta-analyses of the six studies indicated no significant differences among conditions. These results highlight the value of replication and suggest that factors other than grammatical form of self-posed questions may drive the demonstrated relationships between self-talk and performance.

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