Membrane-bound CSPG mediates growth cone outgrowth and substrate specificity by Schwann cell contact with the DRG neuron cell body and not via growth cone contact

2006 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Castro ◽  
Damien P. Kuffler
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Drg Neuron ◽  
Neuron Cell Body ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals Progressive and spatially differentiated stability of microtubules in developing neuronal cells.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Lim ◽  
P J Sammak ◽  
G G Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Body ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Laser Microbeam ◽  
Neuronal Cytoskeleton ◽  
The Stability

The establishment of neural circuits requires both stable and plastic properties in the neuronal cytoskeleton. In this study we show that properties of stability and lability reside in microtubules and these are governed by cellular differentiation and intracellular location. After culture for 3, 7, and 14 d in nerve growth factor-containing medium, PC-12 cells were microinjected with X-rhodamine-labeled tubulin. 8-24 h later, cells were photobleached with a laser microbeam at the cell body, neurite shaft, and growth cone. Replacement of fluorescence in bleached zones was monitored by digital video microscopy. In 3-d cultures, fluorescence recovery in all regions occurred by 26 +/- 17 min. Similarly, in older cultures, complete fluorescence recovery at the cell body and growth cone occurred by 10-30 min. However, in neurite shafts, fluorescence recovery was markedly slower (71 +/- 48 min for 7-d and 201 +/- 94 min for 14-d cultures). This progressive increase in the stability of microtubules in the neurite shafts correlated with an increase of acetylated microtubules. Acetylated microtubules were present specifically in the neurite shaft and not in the regions of fast microtubule turnover, the cell body and growth cone. During the recovery of fluorescence, bleached zones did not move with respect to the cell body. We conclude that the microtubule component of the neuronal cytoskeleton is differentially dynamic but stationary.

Regulation of motor neuron dendrite growth by NMDA receptor activation

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 3063-3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Kalb
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Dendrite Growth ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Receptor Antagonism ◽  
Neuron Cell Body ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

Spinal motor neurons undergo great changes in morphology, electrophysiology and molecular composition during development. Some of this maturation occurs postnatally when limbs are employed for locomotion, suggesting that neuronal activity may influence motor neuron development. To identify features of motor neurons that might be regulated by activity we first examined the structural development of the rat motor neuron cell body and dendritic tree labeled with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase. The motor neuron cell body and dendrites in the radial and rostrocaudal axes grew progressively over the first month of life. In contrast, the growth of the dendritic arbor/cell and number of dendritic branches was biphasic with overabundant growth followed by regression until the adult pattern was achieved. We next examined the influence of neurotransmission on the development of these motor neuron features. We found that antagonism of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor inhibited cell body growth and dendritic branching in early postnatal life but had no effect on the maximal extent of dendrite growth in the radial and rostrocaudal axes. The effects of NMDA receptor antagonism on motor neurons and their dendrites was temporally restricted; all of our anatomic measures of dendrite structure were resistant to NMDA receptor antagonism in adults. These results suggest that the establishment of mature motor neuron dendritic architecture results in part from dendrite growth in response to afferent input during a sensitive period in early postnatal life.

Translocation of the neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal locomotion

1982 ◽  
Vol 299 (1095) ◽  
pp. 313-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Axonal Elongation ◽  
Neuronal Cytoskeleton ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Neuron Cell Body

Recent studies of axonal transport indicate that cytoskeletal proteins are assembled into polymers in the neuron cell body and that these polymers move from the cell body toward the end of the axon. On the other hand, membranous elements appear to be inserted into the axonal plasma membrane preferentially at the end of the axon. These new observations are explored in relation to our current understanding of axonal elongation.

The Function and Fine Structure of the Cephalic Airflow Receptor in Schistocerca Gregaria

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
D. M. GUTHRIE
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Neuron Cell Body ◽  
Tormogen Cell

Electron micrographs of parts of the sense organ showed that the dendritic axis consisted of a large and a small envelope containing microtubules as their main inclusion. The envelopes are supported by a thick-walled tube believed to be part of the Ist-tier sheath cells. The small envelope is segregated from the large envelope near its apex by a fold of the tube wall. The packing of the neurotubular array within the small envelope is both more dense and more regular than within the large envelope. The tube is separated by an extracellular space from the trichogen-tormogen cell. Sections through the apex of the dendrite reveal a homogeneous cap unlikely to be part of a structure continued into the upper region of the hair shaft. No ciliary structures were visible within the dendrite, whose microtubules pass into the neuron cell body proximally. Sections through the neuron cell body reveal branched mitochondria, and numerous microtubules. Rates of discharge in sensory axons from these hair organs produced by deflexion of the hair shaft were found to be within the range 300-100 impulses/sec. There is an initial phase of rapid adaptation which gives place to a steady rate. It is suggested that the fine structure of the receptor may indicate mechano-electrical transduction at a more proximal level than is believed to be the case in some other types of receptor. The diaphragms that support the hair shaft laterally can be seen to be composed of fine cuticular strands.

scholarly journals Biochemical and genetic characterization of multiple splice variants of the Flt3 ligand

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 3371-3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
T McClanahan ◽  
J Culpepper ◽  
D Campbell ◽  
J Wagner ◽  
K Franz-Bacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Splice Variant ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Flt3 Ligand ◽  
Stromal Cell Line ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony

We have performed a comprehensive analysis of cell lines and tissues to compare and contrast the expression patterns of Flt3 ligand (FL), c-Kit ligand (KL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor as well as their receptors, Flt3, c-Kit, and c-Fms. The message for FL is unusually ubiquitous, whereas that of its receptor is quite restricted, apparently limiting the function of the ligand to fetal development and early hematopoiesis. We have also sequenced a mouse FL genomic clone, revealing how the three splice variant FL mRNAs that we have isolated arise. The chromosomal location of the FL gene has been mapped, by in situ hybridization, to chromosome 7 in mouse and chromosome 19 in human. Natural FL protein has been purified from a stromal cell line and shown to be a 65 kD nondisulfide-linked homodimeric glycoprotein comprised of 30 kD subunits, each containing 12 kD of N- and O-linked sugars. Pulse-chase experiments show that one of the splice variants (T110) is responsible for producing the bulk of soluble FL, but only after it has first been expressed at the cell surface as a membrane-bound form. The other splice-variant forms produce molecules that are either obligatorily soluble (T169) or membrane-bound but released only very slowly (T118). Finally, even though most cell lines express some amount of FL mRNA, we found that very little FL protein is actually made, with T cells and stromal cells being the major producers. The data suggests that FL plays its roles over very short distances, perhaps requiring cell-cell contact.

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