A review of potential risk factors linked to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in wild deer populations and the practices affecting the microbial contamination of wild deer carcasses with enteric bacteria

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108128
Author(s):  
Cristina Soare ◽  
Tom N. McNeilly ◽  
Alessandro Seguino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Wild Deer

scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Adams ◽  
L. Byrne ◽  
T. C. Rose ◽  
G. K. Adak ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010–2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36–2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40–2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13–1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.

scholarly journals Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Hordijk ◽  
Evangelia Farmakioti ◽  
Lidwien A. M. Smit ◽  
Birgitta Duim ◽  
Haitske Graveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACT A nationwide study on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC in nonhospitalized horses in the Netherlands was performed. Molecular characterization was done, and questionnaires were analyzed to identify factors associated with carriage. In total, 796 horse owners were approached; 281 of these submitted a fecal sample from their horse(s), resulting in 362 samples. All samples were cultured qualitatively in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and subsequently on MacConkey agar, both supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (LB+ and MC+). Positive samples were subsequently cultured quantitatively on MC+. Initial extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC screening was performed by PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing on selected strains. Associations between ESBL/AmpC carriage and questionnaire items were analyzed using a univariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis, followed by a multiple GEE model for relevant factors. In total, 39 of 362 samples (11%) were determined to be positive for ESBL/AmpC. blaCTX-M-1-carrying isolates were obtained from 77% of positive samples (n = 30). Other ESBL/AmpC genes observed included blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, blaSHV-12, blaCMY-2, and blaACT-10. A high association between the presence of blaCTX-M-1 and IncHI1 plasmids was observed (46% of samples; n = 18). Based on core genome analysis (n = 48 isolates), six Escherichia coli clusters were identified, three of which represented 80% of the isolates. A negative association between ESBL/AmpC carriage and horses being in contact with other horses at a different site was observed. The presence of a dog on the premises and housing in a more densely human-populated region were positively associated. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Invasive Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s22-s22
Author(s):  
Erik Clarke ◽  
Jeroen Geurtsen ◽  
Bart Spiessens ◽  
Christel Chehoud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Common Data Model ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
And Gender

Background: A pathogenic group of invasive extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) Escherichia coli possess the ability to infect normally sterile body sites and cause severe invasive ExPEC disease (IED). ExPEC is a leading cause of bacteremia and sepsis worldwide and is associated with older age and multidrug-resistant infections. Janssen Vaccines & Prevention is developing a novel multivalent glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent IED. We aimed to use an unbiased approach, with no prespecified potential risk factors, using machine-learning models, to screen for and identify IED risk factors for further validation. Methods: We used a patient-level prediction study design to model the probability of a patient developing IED within 14 days to 1 year from a given date based on their prior 2 years of health records. We used the Optum EHR database (~98 million subjects) in the common data model (CDM) format, with health features encoded in the following categories: conditions, procedures, drugs, healthcare visits, recent laboratory measurements, and age and gender. A gradient boosting model (XGBoost) was used with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values to identify which features were most important to the model’s decisions and to characterize precisely the relationship between features and outcomes (binary or continuous). Results: Study participants were aged ≥60 years at index with no previously recorded IED. Of ~6,500,000 cases included, ~8,000 had IED during the prediction window. We found that having ≥1 urinary tract infection (UTI) in the retrospective period increased the model’s probability of predicting IED for that patient, with more frequent or more recent UTIs increasing IED prediction chance (Figure 1). Higher age linearly increased the model’s likelihood of predicting that a patient would develop IED. The model also identified ≥1 inpatient or ER visit and laboratory values indicative of renal or immune dysfunction to be correlated with increased IED risk. This methodology is a generalizable approach to screening for potential risk factors for an outcome using EHR databases; it requires little to no prespecification of the health factors or precise relationship between the factors and outcome. Conclusions: Using a new, impartial methodology (with no prespecification), older age and a history of UTIs were key predictive features for IED, factors previously identified through traditional analysis, confirming the validity of the methodology. Novel features, including recent hospitalization, were shown to increase IED risk relative to existing criteria. Our findings may be used to inform the clinical development of preventive strategies.Funding: Janssen Research and DevelopmentDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Enteric viral infections as potential risk factors for intussusception

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 028-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M Mansour ◽  
Montasser El Koutby ◽  
Mohamed M El Barbary ◽  
Wissam Mohamed ◽  
Sameh Shehata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Introduction:  We aimed to identify potential risk factors for intussusception (ISS) among children presenting to two pediatric hospitals in Egypt. Methodology: In this case-control study,  enrolled children < 3 years old with ISS (confirmed radiologically and/or surgically) were  matched by age and gender to controls admitted with acute non-abdominal surgical illnesses. Stool samples were collected and tested for various enteric bacteria, rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (EA, 40 and 41) and astroviruses using commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits. Results: From December 2004 to May 2009, 158 cases and 425 matched controls were enrolled. A history of diarrhoea and cough over the preceding four weeks of interview were more common in cases than controls, respectively. Children with mothers who had secondary education and above were 2.2 times more likely to have ISS than those whose mothers had a lower level of education. In spite of the low detection rate of EA infection (regardless of diarrhoea history) and asymptomatic rotavirus infection, they were detected in higher frequencies in cases than controls; however, infection with astrovirus and bacterial pathogens did not appear to be associated with increased risk of ISS. Conclusions: History of diarrhoea and cough over the four weeks preceding the study and maternal education above secondary level were potential risk factors for ISS. EA and asymptomatic rotavirus infection were detected in higher frequencies among cases than controls; however, association with ISS cannot be confirmed. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the pathogenesis which may link such infections with ISS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for Escherichia coli Isolated from Tibetan Piglets with White Score Diarrhea

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Dong ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Prevalence and potential risk factors for the occurrence of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli in German fattening pig farms—A cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hering ◽  
Katja Hille ◽  
Cornelia Frömke ◽  
Christiane von Münchhausen ◽  
Maria Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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