Sugar Sweetened Beverages Are the Top Source of Added Sugars in Young Children: 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS)

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

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Family Meals and Neighborhood Food Resources Influence on Intake of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Added Sugars among Parents and Adolescents in Rural Counties

Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education ◽

10.4172/2161-0711.1000300 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alison A Gustafson

Keyword(s):

Food Resources ◽

Family Meals ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Rural Counties

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Abstract MP42: Intakes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Total Sugars are Associated with Higher Triglycerides in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Children

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.mp42 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria I Van Rompay ◽

Nicola M McKeown ◽

Misha Eliasziw ◽

Elizabeth Goodman ◽

Virginia R Chomitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and added sugars have been targeted in efforts to reduce childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. Although evidence is sparse in children, overconsumption of SSB and added sugars has been linked to greater dyslipidemia in adults. Objectives: To examine the association between intakes of SSB, added sugars, and total sugars, with blood lipids in a multi-ethnic sample of children with prevalent obesity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined associations between intakes of SSB, added sugars, and total sugars with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in a sample of 276 children aged 8-15 y (mean age 11.8 y; 39% white, 14% black, 16% Hispanic/Latino, 12% Asian, and 19% multi-racial/other) with prevalent overweight/obesity (45% with ≥85 th BMI percentile and 25% with ≥95 th ). Percentage of daily calories from SSB, as well as intakes of added sugars (tsp) and total sugars (g), were estimated using the 2004 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children. HDL-C and TG were obtained from a fasting blood sample. Percentage of calories from SSB, added sugars, and energy-adjusted total sugars were dichotomized at their upper tertile cut-points, specifically, at 7%, 13 tsp, and 116 g, respectively, creating two intake categories for each dietary exposure. ANCOVA was used to analyze the data; covariates were age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity, total calories, and intakes of saturated fat and dietary fiber. TG was log-transformed prior to analysis; low HDL-C was defined as ≤45 mg/dL and borderline/high TG, as ≥75 (aged ≤9 y) or ≥90 mg/dL (≥10 y). Results: Median daily intake of total sugars was 94.2 g, 47% of which was derived from added sugars (median: 9.9 tsp, range: 1-76 tsp). Only 12% of children followed the American Heart Association calorie-specific recommendations for intake of added sugars. Median contribution of SSB to total calories was 4.4% (range: 0 to 51%), and SSB calories contributed 36% (range: 0 to 100%) of calories from added sugars. Both low HDL-C and borderline/high TG were prevalent (26-27% overall) and were more common in children classified as obese (61% and 53%, respectively) than in those who were not obese (16% and 17%, respectively, P<0.0001 for each); however, intakes of SSB, added sugars, and total sugars did not differ with obesity. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher TG was associated with high intakes of SSB (75.3 vs. 67.6 mg/dL, P=0.04) and total sugars (76.5 vs. 67.0 mg/dL, P=0.01), while the association with added sugars was not significant. There were no associations with HDL-C. Conclusions: Among children with prevalent obesity, higher intakes of SSB and total sugars were associated with higher TG concentrations, but not with lower HDL-C. Further research is needed on the health implications of lower SSB and sugar intakes in diverse samples.

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Trends in Consumption of Solid Fats, Added Sugars, Sodium, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Fruit from Fast Food Restaurants and by Fast Food Restaurant Type among US Children, 2003–2010

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu8120804 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 804 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Colin Rehm ◽

Adam Drewnowski

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Fast Food Restaurant ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Fast Food Restaurants ◽

Us Children

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Associations Between College-Student Food Insecurity and Diet at a Large, Public Midwestern University

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 243-243

Author(s):

Jeannie Mei ◽

Aarohee Fulay ◽

Cindy Leung

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Food Security ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Short Form ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Food Security Status ◽

Midwestern University

Abstract Objectives Food insecurity, a state of not being able to consistently access nutritious food, is an issue that 43% of students on college campuses experience. This study examines the associations between food insecurity and dietary intake in a sample of undergraduate students at a large, public Midwestern university. Methods A Qualtrics survey was completed by 1033 students, recruited from three dining halls as part of a different sugar-sweetened beverage intervention study. Baseline data, collected prior to the intervention, were used in the present study. Food security was assessed using the 6-item Short Form Food Security Survey Module and dietary intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute 26-item Dietary Screener Questionnaire and the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine differences in dietary intake by student's food security status. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, food-insecure students reported 9% lower intake of fruits, 9% lower intake of vegetables, 10% higher intake of dairy, 6% higher intake of total added sugars, 10% higher intake of added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages, 4% higher intake of calcium, and 4% lower intake of fiber, compared to food-secure students. With respect to beverage intake, food-insecure students had 55% higher intake of fruit drinks, 148% higher intake of energy drinks, 129% higher intake of sweetened teas, 46% higher intake of flavored milk, 54% higher intake of total sugar-sweetened beverages, and 66% higher intake of diet soda. Conclusions Despite having similar access to university dining halls, there were significant differences in the diets of college students by food security status, providing more reason to increase food insecurity awareness among college students and contribute to initiatives to alleviate food insecurity, such as on-campus food pantry programs. Funding Sources This study was supported by a grant from Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan.

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Differences in How Mothers and Fathers Monitor Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Their Young Children (7-12 Years)

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198117732111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul Branscum ◽

Alexandra Housely

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Regression Models ◽

Behavioral Model ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Integrated Behavioral Model ◽

The Core ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Primary Predictor

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences between how mothers and fathers monitor their children’s sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; 7-12 years) using constructs from the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Mothers ( n = 167) and fathers ( n = 117) completed a valid and reliable survey evaluating the extent that they monitored their child’s SSB intake and constructs of the IBM. Results showed significant differences between groups, with mothers consistently having higher levels of monitoring SSBs and IBM constructs. Regression models also showed that the core constructs of the IBM predicted a significant amount of the variance for monitoring SSBs for both mothers and fathers (39.4% and 18.3%, respectively), with intentions being the primary predictor for mothers and skillfulness the primary predictor for fathers. This study provides preliminary evidence that mothers and fathers monitor their children’s SSB intake differently, and factors that determine monitoring SSB intake of children differ between mothers and fathers.

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