Disentangling the mediating role of modifying interpretation bias on emotional distress using a novel cognitive bias modification program

2021 ◽  
pp. 102459
Author(s):  
Inés Nieto ◽  
Carmelo Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals A Question of Control? Examining the Role of Control Conditions in Experimental Psychopathology using the Example of Cognitive Bias Modification Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Marcella L. Woud ◽  
Colin MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Experimental Modification ◽  
Translational Process

AbstractWhile control conditions are vitally important in research, selecting the optimal control condition can be challenging. Problems are likely to arise when the choice of control condition is not tightly guided by the specific question that a given study aims to address. Such problems have become increasingly apparent in experimental psychopathology research investigating the experimental modification of cognitive biases, particularly as the focus of this research has shifted from theoretical questions concerning mechanistic aspects of the association between cognitive bias and emotional vulnerability, to questions that instead concern the clinical efficacy of ‘cognitive bias modification’ (CBM) procedures. We discuss the kinds of control conditions that have typically been employed in CBM research, illustrating how difficulties can arise when changes in the types of research questions asked are not accompanied by changes in the control conditions employed. Crucially, claims made on the basis of comparing active and control conditions within CBM studies should be restricted to those conclusions allowed by the specific control condition employed. CBM studies aiming to establish clinical utility are likely to require quite different control conditions from CBM studies aiming to illuminate mechanisms. Further, conclusions concerning the clinical utility of CBM interventions cannot necessarily be drawn from studies in which the control condition has been chosen to answer questions concerning mechanisms. Appreciating the need to appropriately alter control conditions in the transition from basic mechanisms-focussed investigations to applied clinical research could greatly facilitate the translational process.

Cognitive Bias Modification: The Critical Role of Active Training in Modifying Emotional Responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hoppitt ◽  
Andrew Mathews ◽  
Jenny Yiend ◽  
Bundy Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Active Training

scholarly journals Believing Is Seeing: A Proof-of-Concept Semiexperimental Study on Using Mobile Virtual Reality to Boost the Effects of Interpretation Bias Modification for Anxiety

10.2196/11517 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e11517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Otkhmezuri ◽  
Marilisa Boffo ◽  
Panote Siriaraya ◽  
Maria Matsangidou ◽  
Reinout W Wiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Computerized Intervention ◽  
Bias Modification

Background Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized intervention designed to change negatively biased interpretations of ambiguous information, which underlie and reinforce anxiety. The repetitive and monotonous features of CBM-I can negatively impact training adherence and learning processes. Objective This proof-of-concept study aimed to examine whether performing a CBM-I training using mobile virtual reality technology (virtual reality Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations [VR-CBM-I]) improves training experience and effectiveness. Methods A total of 42 students high in trait anxiety completed 1 session of either VR-CBM-I or standard CBM-I training for performance anxiety. Participants’ feelings of immersion and presence, emotional reactivity to a stressor, and changes in interpretation bias and state anxiety, were assessed. Results The VR-CBM-I resulted in greater feelings of presence (P<.001, d=1.47) and immersion (P<.001, ηp2=0.74) in the training scenarios and outperformed the standard training in effects on state anxiety (P<.001, ηp2=0.3) and emotional reactivity to a stressor (P=.03, ηp2=0.12). Both training varieties successfully increased the endorsement of positive interpretations (P<.001, drepeated measures [drm]=0.79) and decreased negative ones. (P<.001, drm=0.72). In addition, changes in the emotional outcomes were correlated with greater feelings of immersion and presence. Conclusions This study provided first evidence that (1) the putative working principles underlying CBM-I trainings can be translated into a virtual environment and (2) virtual reality holds promise as a tool to boost the effects of CMB-I training for highly anxious individuals while increasing users’ experience with the training application.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon Edward Blackwell ◽  
Jan Christopher Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results: Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions: Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

scholarly journals Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Saeed Nasiry ◽  
◽  
Zahra Ameli ◽  
Pegah Pezeshki ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bias Modification

Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention. Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Jan C. Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

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