The Effects of Parks' Landscape Characteristics on Women's Perceptual Preferences in Semi-arid environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 104080
Author(s):  
Mahsa Tarashkar ◽  
Ahmad Hami ◽  
Farzin Emami Namin
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environments ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Perceptual Preferences ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals A multiscale assessment of Red-tailed Hawk reproductive success relative to urban density and habitat type

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin H White ◽  
Jessi L Brown ◽  
Zachary E Ormsby
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hatch Date ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Abstract Despite the unique threats to wildlife in urban areas, many raptors have established successfully reproducing urban populations. To identify variations in raptor breeding ecology within an urban area, we compared metrics of Red-tailed Hawk reproductive attempts to landscape characteristics in Reno and Sparks, NV, USA during the 2015 and 2016 breeding seasons. We used the Apparent Nesting Success and logistic exposure methods to measure nesting success of the Red-tailed Hawks. We used generalized linear models to relate nesting success and fledge rate to habitat type, productivity to hatch date (Julian day) and hatch date to urban density. Nesting success was 86% and 83% for the respective years. Nesting success increased in grassland-agricultural and shrub habitats and decreased in riparian habitat within the urban landscape. Productivity was 2.23 and 2.03 per nest for the breeding seasons. Fledge rates were 72% and 77%, respectively, and decreased in riparian areas. Nestlings hatched earlier with increased urban density and earliest in suburban areas, following a negative quadratic curve. Nesting success and productivity for this population were high relative to others in North America. Productivity increased in habitats where ground prey was more accessible. We suggest that suburban areas, if not frequently disturbed, provide sufficient resources to sustain Red-tailed Hawks over extended periods. As urban expansion continues in arid environments globally, we stress that researchers monitor reproductive output across the urban predator guild to elucidate patterns in population dynamics and adaptation.

scholarly journals Exogenously Used 24-Epibrassinolide Promotes Drought Tolerance in Maize Hybrids by Improving Plant and Water Productivity in an Arid Environment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
Mohamed I. E. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Semi Arid

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR24), applied to leaves at a concentration of 5 μM, on plant physio-biochemistry and its reflection on crop water productivity (CWP) and other agronomic traits of six maize hybrids was field-evaluated under semi-arid conditions. Two levels of irrigation water deficiency (IWD) (moderate and severe droughts; 6000 and 3000 m3 water ha−1, respectively) were applied versus a control (well-watering; 9000 m3 water ha−1). IWD reduced the relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents were significantly increased as a result of the increased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage compared to the control. These negative influences of IWD led to a reduction in CWP and grain yield-related traits. However, EBR24 detoxified the IWD stress effects and enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters. The evaluated hybrids varied in drought tolerance; Giza-168 was the best under moderate drought, while Fine-276 was the best under severe drought. Under IWD, certain physiological traits exhibited a highly positive association with yield and yield-contributing traits or CWP. Thus, exogenously using EBR24 for these hybrids could be an effective approach to improve plant and water productivity under reduced available water in semi-arid environments.

Changing perceptions of the effect of plant phenolics on nutrient supply in the ruminant

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Lowry ◽  
CS McSweeney ◽  
B Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannins ◽  
Semi Arid

Mammalian metabolism of plant phenolics, initially studied in monogastric animals, gave an emphasis to their toxic and antinutrient effects. Subsequent studies in tropical ruminants and wild herbivores have highlighted the high levels than can occur in some diets and the extensive microbial modification and degradation that can occur in the tract. This paper reviews aspects of plant phenolics as they relate to ruminant nutrition in tropical or semi-arid environments in which some forage plants contain high levels of phenolic compounds. Effects range from occasional acute toxicity of hydrolysable tannins, to acetate-releasing microbial degradations that apparently enable certain phenolics to act as nutrients. The most important and complex effects are those due to tannin-protein interactions. Although these can clearly reduce feed intake, nutrient digestibilities, and protein availability, many of the interactions are still not understood. The diverse effects of plant phenolics on nutrient flow probably result from the balance between adverse effects on some organisms and the rate at which they are degraded or inactivated by other organisms, and improved animal performance can likely be obtained by manipulation of rumen microbial metabolism.

scholarly journals Modelling water utilization patterns in apple orchards with varying canopy sizes and different growth stages in semi-arid environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 110051
Author(s):  
Nompumelelo Thelma Mobe ◽  
Sebinasi Dzikiti ◽  
Timothy Dube ◽  
Dominic Mazvimavi ◽  
Zanele Ntshidi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Trade-off between reservoir yield and evaporation losses as a function of lake morphology in semi-arid Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
José N.B. Campos ◽  
Iran E. Lima Neto ◽  
Ticiana M.C. Studart ◽  
Luiz S.V. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Triangle Diagram ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Real ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Reservoir Yield

This study investigates the relationships between yield and evaporation as a function of lake morphology in semi-arid Brazil. First, a new methodology was proposed to classify the morphology of 40 reservoirs in the Ceará State, with storage capacities ranging from approximately 5 to 4500 hm3. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study the effect of reservoir morphology (including real and simplified conical forms) on the water storage process at different reliability levels. The reservoirs were categorized as convex (60.0%), slightly convex (27.5%) or linear (12.5%). When the conical approximation was used instead of the real lake form, a trade-off occurred between reservoir yield and evaporation losses, with different trends for the convex, slightly convex and linear reservoirs. Using the conical approximation, the water yield prediction errors reached approximately 5% of the mean annual inflow, which is negligible for large reservoirs. However, for smaller reservoirs, this error became important. Therefore, this paper presents a new procedure for correcting the yield-evaporation relationships that were obtained by assuming a conical approximation rather than the real reservoir morphology. The combination of this correction with the Regulation Triangle Diagram is useful for rapidly and objectively predicting reservoir yield and evaporation losses in semi-arid environments.

Adaptation of sulla cultivars to contrasting Mediterranean environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
A. Abdelguerfi ◽  
M. Ben Younes ◽  
H. Bouzerzour ◽  
A. M. Carroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Sulla coronaria (L.) Choi & Ohashi (syn. Hedysarum coronarium L.) may become a major forage species in various Mediterranean-climate areas. This study aimed to assess the extent of genotype × environment (GE) interaction in the western Mediterranean region and its implications for breeding programmes. The milestone Italian varieties Grimaldi and Sparacia, one recent Italian variety, and the Tunisian cv. D’Italie (evolved under moderately favourable conditions from Italian germplasm introduced about 40 years ago) were evaluated in three environments of Tunisia (of which two were irrigated), two of Algeria, and one of Sardinia (Italy). Water available over the crop cycle (rainfall + possible irrigation from October 2004 to June 2006), ranging from 881 to 1906 mm, accounted for 85% of the variation among environments and 72% of the GE interaction variation for dry matter yield. The latter was adequately described by one-covariate factorial regression, which was preferable to joint regression and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction modelling. D’Italie was specifically adapted to environments with available water exceeding 1200 mm, Grimaldi was top-ranking between 950 and 1200 mm, and Sparacia below 950 mm. The crossover GE interaction between top-yielding material (P < 0.05) has implications for adaptation targets, genetic resources, selection environments, and opportunities for international co-operation between breeding programmes. It suggests breeding either for rainfed cropping in semi-arid or near semi-arid environments, or for definitely subhumid or irrigated environments.

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