A Critical Examination of the “White Victim Effect” and Death Penalty Decision-Making from a Propensity Score Matching Approach: The North Carolina Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley G. Jennings ◽  
Tara N. Richards ◽  
M. Dwayne Smith ◽  
Beth Bjerregaard ◽  
Sondra J. Fogel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
The North

Analysis of the North Carolina Long-Term Care Polypharmacy Initiative: A multiple-cohort approach using propensity-score matching for both evaluation and targeting

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2018-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy K. Trygstad ◽  
Dale B. Christensen ◽  
Steve E. Wegner ◽  
Rob Sullivan ◽  
Jennifer M. Garmise
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The North

Associations between patient knowledge of others' experiences and treatment choice in men with localized prostate cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6578-6578
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Katz ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
Xinglei Shen ◽  
Deborah Usinger ◽  
Sarah Walden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
The North ◽  
Patient Reported

6578 Background: Men with localized prostate cancer must select from multiple treatment options, without one clear best choice. Consequently, personal factors, such as knowing other prostate cancer patients who have undergone treatment, may influence patient decision-making. However, associations between knowledge about others’ experiences and treatment decision-making among localized prostate cancer patients has not been well characterized. We used data from a population-based cohort of localized prostate cancer patients to examine whether patient-reported knowledge of others’ experiences is associated with treatment choice. Methods: The North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness & Survivorship Study (NC ProCESS) is a population-based cohort of localized prostate cancer patients enrolled from 2011-2013 throughout the state of North Carolina in collaboration with the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. All patients were enrolled prior to treatment and followed prospectively. Patient decision-making factors including knowledge of others’ experiences with prostate cancer treatment options were collected through patient report. Patient treatment choice was determined through medical record abstraction and cancer registry data. Results: Among 1,202 patients, 17% reported knowing someone who pursued active surveillance (AS) while 28%, 46%, and 59% reported knowing someone who received brachytherapy, external beam radiation (EBRT), or radical prostatectomy (RP), respectively; 26% underwent AS, 9% brachytherapy, 21% EBRT, and 39% RP as their initial treatment. In unadjusted analyses, patients with knowledge of others’ experiences with brachytherapy, EBRT or RP had more than twice the odds of receiving that treatment compared to patients who did not. Knowledge of others’ experience with AS was not associated with choice to undergo AS. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, race, risk group, and patient-reported goals of care showed knowledge of others’ experiences with brachytherapy (OR 4.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76 to 7.68), EBRT (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.34), or RP (OR 4.02, 95% CI 2.84 to 5.70) was significantly associated with odds of receiving that treatment. The odds of receiving a particular treatment option were further increased among patients who reported knowing someone who had a “good” experience with the treatment in question. Conclusions: This is the first population-based study to directly demonstrate the impact of a patient’s knowledge of others’ experiences on treatment choice in prostate cancer. These data provide a new consideration to clinicians in their counseling of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and also impacts research into the informed decision-making process for this disease.

The Issue of Racial Profiling in Traffic Stop Citations

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Vito ◽  
Elizabeth L. Grossi ◽  
George E. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Focal Concerns Theory ◽  
Statistical Results

This study addresses racial profiling when the traffic stop outcome is a citation. This study uses focal concerns theory as a theoretical explanation for police officer decision-making while using propensity score matching to provide similarly situated drivers based on race and/or gender. This study uses traffic stop data (N = 48,586) collected by the Louisville Police Department between January 1 and December 31, 2002. The statistical results show that focal concerns theory components matter the most for traffic stop data even though racial profiling is still an issue. Propensity score matching is a statistical technique that provides a better way to determine whether racial profiling was evident. Gender was not significant for female drivers. This study advances our understanding of race and traffic stop citations using a theoretical explanation.

Exploring gender disparities in the prosecution of theft cases: Propensity score matching on data from German court files

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110030
Author(s):  
Fredericke Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
German Court ◽  
Female Defendants

This article engages in the discussion about gender disparities in prosecutorial decision-making. Appling propensity score matching after multiple imputation on data drawn from case files, the article examines differences in the prosecutorial treatment of male and female defendants in cases of minor theft in Germany. The matched data reveal significant differences between genders in the prosecutorial conclusion of proceedings: whereas dismissals because of other imposed sentences are more frequently imposed on male defendants, disposals with penalty fees are more common for female defendants. Hence, contrary to existing literature, the present study reveals harsher prosecutorial treatment of women because they have to pay penalty fees more frequently. The findings are contextualized with the focal concern hypothesis, which suggests that stereotypes influence decision-making in criminal proceedings. Together with the determination that women are more likely to pay fines or penalty fees completely and on time, this leads to the assumption that efficiency considerations by prosecutors influence their decision and make the imposition of penalty fees more attractive from an economic point of few.

Development of Vaccine Preferences among Parents of Newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Jamie Knowles ◽  
Jacob Lohr ◽  
J. Yarnall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The North ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
Parental Preferences ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making ◽  
Regression Adjustment

Objective Vaccine hesitancy and refusal and the resulting outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases continue to be an issue today. Most of contemporary research on these issues has focused on underlying characteristics of non-vaccinators and ambivalent parents; however, few studies have looked into how or when vaccine preferences develop. In this study, we sought to explore when parental preferences for vaccines develop in relation to a pregnancy. We also examined self-reported influences on vaccine decision making. Methods We recruited and administered a short survey to parents at the North Carolina Women's Hospital in Chapel Hill, NC, following the birth of their child from February to April 2015. Results A total of 166 parents (55%) completed the entire survey. Seventy-two percent of surveyed parents reported deciding on their vaccine preferences for their newborn before conception. Parents who were older, Caucasian, married, and had attained higher levels of education were significantly more likely to develop preconception vaccine preferences. The presence of partner conversations in the past and the desire for more information on vaccines were also significant predictors of preconception vaccine preference development. After logistic regression adjustment, only education level and past vaccine conversations remained significant. The most common influences for vaccine decision making were family, friends, and medical staff and organizations. Conclusion Our study documents that a majority of parents establish vaccine decision making and preferences before conception. Notable influences from friends, family, and medical sources are part of the process. These findings suggest that vaccine information and interventions currently are given too late in the vaccine preference decision-making process.

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