Polyphenolic derivatives from mango (Mangifera Indica L.) modulate fecal microbiome, short-chain fatty acids production and the HDAC1/AMPK/LC3 axis in rats with DSS-induced colitis

Abstract Background: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can not only lead to depression-like behavior but also change the composition of the gut microbiome. Regulating the gut microbiome can have an antidepressant effect, but the mechanism by which it improves depressive symptoms is not clear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are small molecular compounds produced by the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates. SFCAs are ubiquitous in intestinal endocrine and immune cells, making them important mediators of gut microbiome-regulated body functions. Activated M1 microglia can cause pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects, while M2 microglia serve anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions. The balance between the two phenotypes of microglia plays an important role in the occurrence and treatment of depression caused by chronic stress. We hypothesized that rifaximin exerts an antidepressant effect by changing the abundance of fecal SFCA metabolites and transforming the microglial phenotype. Methods: We administered 150 mg/kg rifaximin intragastrically to rats exposed to CUMS for 4 weeks and investigated the composition of the fecal microbiome, the content of short-chain fatty acids in the serum and brain, microglial phenotypic profiles and hippocampal neurogenesis. Results: Our results show that rifaximin ameliorated depressive-like behavior induced by CUMS, as reflected by sucrose preference, the open field test and the Morris water maze. Rifaximin increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae, which were significantly positively correlated with high levels of butyrate in the brain. Rifaximin also increased the transformation of M1 microglia into the M2 type in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and ameliorated neurogenic abnormalities and functional deficits caused by CUMS.Conclusions: These results suggest that rifaximin can enhance the neuroprotective effect of microglia to some extent by regulating the gut microbiome and one of its metabolites, butyrate.

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Sa1686 – Assessment of the Fecal Microbiome and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Healthy Volunteers and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)37753-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. S-365-S-366

Author(s):

Andrea S. Shin ◽

Huaiying Lin ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

Qunfeng Dong ◽

Chirag Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Effects of Heat-Treated Probiotics and Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Jejunal Integrity and Fecal Microbiome in Rats with Massive Bowel Resection

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 378-378

Author(s):

Bing-Yi Chen ◽

Hui-Chen Lo ◽

Chien-Hsing Lee ◽

Wen-Tzu Wu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Bowel Resection ◽

Intestinal Resection ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Massive Bowel Resection ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives Massive bowel resection and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are the major factors to affect intestinal integrity and microbiome in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Studies showed that dead probiotics, which have no ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to nourish enterocytes, may have similar benefits as live probiotics in promoting intestinal health. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of live and heat-treated probiotics with or without SCFAs on jejunal integrity and fecal microbiome in TPN-supported SBS rats. Methods Male SD rats were performed with intestinal resection, from 10 cm distal to the ligament of the Treitz to 5 cm distal to the colon, for SBS induction and with intubation of the right jugular vein for TPN infusion. TPN was administered right after the surgeries (day 0); and oral distilled water, live or heat-treated Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, or the combination of heat-treated probiotics and intravenous SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) were administered from day 1 to day 6 to the SBS rats. Healthy, orally fed rats with no surgery were included as controls. Results The results showed that SBS rats had malnutrition, anemia, and jejunal damage. In the jejunum of the SBS rats, the increased glucagon-like peptide-2 was further increased by the live probiotics; the increased 19 kDa caspase 3 was decreased by heat-treated bacteria; and the decreased claudin 4 and toll-like receptor-4 were increased by the combination treatment of heat-treated probiotics and SCFAs. The results of 16S metagenomic next-generation sequencing revealed that the SBS-decreased alpha-diversity and Firmicutes and the SBS-increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes were reversed by heat-treated bacteria; and the SBS-increased Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were decreased by the live probiotics. The SBS-induced change in beta diversity was not altered by any treatment. Conclusions In conclusion, the combination treatment of heat-treated probiotics and SCFAs may improve jejunal integrity and the live and heat-treated probiotics may alter, at least partially, the bacterial diversity and distribution of the feces in SBS patients with TPN. Funding Sources MOST 105-2320-B-030-003-MY3.

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Taxonomic Characterization and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production of the Obese Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.598093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

M. Carmen Martínez-Cuesta ◽

Rosa del Campo ◽

María Garriga-García ◽

Carmen Peláez ◽

Teresa Requena

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Energy Content ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Intestinal microbiota seems to play a key role in obesity. The impact of the composition and/or functionality of the obesity-associated microbiota have yet to be fully characterized. This work assessed the significance of the taxonomic composition and/or metabolic activity of obese- microbiota by massive 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiome of obese and normoweight individuals. The obese metabolic activity was also assessed by in vitro incubation of obese and normoweight microbiotas in nutritive mediums with different energy content. We found that the microbiome richness and diversity of the two groups did not differ significantly, except for Chao1 index, significantly higher in normoweight individuals. At phylum level, neither the abundance of Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes nor their ratio was associated with the body mass index. Besides, the relative proportions in Collinsella, Clostridium XIVa, and Catenibacterium were significantly enriched in obese participants, while Alistipes, Clostridium sensu stricto, Romboutsia, and Oscillibacter were significantly diminished. In regard to metabolic activity, short-chain fatty acids content was significant higher in obese individuals, with acetate being the most abundant followed by propionate and butyrate. Acetate and butyrate production was also higher when incubating obese microbiota in mediums mimicking diets with different energy content; interestingly, a reduced capability of propionate production was associated to the obese microbiome. In spite of the large interindividual variability, the obese phenotype seems to be defined more by the abundance and/or the absence of distinct communities of microorganism rather than by the presence of a specific population.

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