Assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A review of self-report measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde K. Overduin ◽  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Initial Data on Recollections of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Coles ◽  
Casey A. Schofield ◽  
Jacob A. Nota
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs

Background: Despite literature establishing a relationship between maladaptive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there are few studies addressing how these beliefs develop. Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) proposed specific domains of childhood experiences leading to heightened beliefs regarding responsibility. Prior studies in students and individuals who just completed treatment for OCD have found support for this theory. However, we are not aware of published data from individuals with current OCD. Aims: This paper presents initial data from adults currently meeting criteria for OCD as well as both anxious and non-anxious controls. Method: Recollections of childhood experiences, current OCD-related beliefs, and OCD symptoms were assessed using self-report measures in 39 individuals seeking treatment for OCD, 36 anxious controls and 39 healthy controls. Results: Initial data suggested that in individuals with OCD, increased reports of childhood exposure to overprotection and experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune were associated with stronger OCD-related beliefs. Further, compared to community controls, individuals with OCD reported more childhood experiences where one's actions caused or influenced misfortune, though they did not differ from anxious controls in childhood responsibility experiences. Conclusions: These initial findings provide minimal support for the proposed model of the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, and highlight the need for research examining the etiology of OCD related beliefs with updated models, larger samples, and ultimately using prospective methods.

scholarly journals Genetic meta‐analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and self‐report compulsive symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. A. Smit ◽  
Danielle Cath ◽  
Nuno R. Zilhão ◽  
Hill F. Ip ◽  
Damiaan Denys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Intolerance of Uncertainty in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Jacoby ◽  
Jonathan S. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Behavioral Methods ◽  
Cognitive Construct

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a key cognitive construct in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Whereas most individuals feel “certain-enough” that situations are relatively safe, those with OCD who have elevated IU have difficulty managing the feeling of not knowing “for sure” whether a feared outcome may occur. As a result, they engage in compulsive rituals (e.g., checking, reassurance seeking) with the aim of restoring a sense of certainty. Given the pervasiveness of uncertainty in daily life, these doubts and rituals can lead to heightened daily distress for individuals with OCD. Accordingly, the present chapter reviews the following: (a) a comprehensive definition of IU, (b) the conceptualization of IU as important in the development and maintenance of OCD across various symptom presentations, (c) the measurement of IU using both self-report and behavioral methods, and (d) recommendations for the consideration of IU in OCD treatment.

scholarly journals The Sensitivity of Three Versions of the Padua Inventory to Measuring Treatment Outcome and Their Relationship to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Baraby ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Audet ◽  
Frederick Aardema
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and different versions of the Padua Inventory (PI) are frequently used instruments to measure symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known of how these different versions of the PI compare to each other in their sensitivity to measuring treatment outcome, and there is currently no adequate explanation to account for the weak relationships between self-report measures and the Y-BOCS. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of these measures to treatment outcome, and to examine whether differences in how they measure symptom severity can explain the weak relationships. Hypotheses were: (1) the Y-BOCS would be significantly more sensitive to measuring treatment outcome than the PI versions; (2) correlations between the measures would be significantly stronger for change scores as compared to relations measured at a single point in time; (3) weak relationships can be explained by the PI measuring symptom severity based on content and the Y-BOCS measuring symptoms, independent of content. Results showed that the Y-BOCS was significantly more sensitive to measuring treatment outcome than the PI versions, while differences between the questionnaires in which severity is measured can provide a partial account for why weak relations are observed between these measures.

scholarly journals Defining Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using a Self-Report Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. McGuire ◽  
Daniel A. Geller ◽  
Tanya K. Murphy ◽  
Brent J. Small ◽  
Arianna Unger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Quality of life in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: The Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q)

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Zaboski ◽  
Alexandra Gilbert ◽  
Rebecca Hamblin ◽  
Jessica Andrews ◽  
Amaya Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

The current study examined quality of life (QOL) and its clinical correlates among 225 intensive treatment-seeking children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Youth completed the PQ-LES-Q along with self-report measures assessing functional impairment, anxiety sensitivity, OCD symptoms, nonspecific anxiety, depression, and social anxiety. Parents completed measures on their child's anxiety, the presence of inattention/hyperactivity, depression, functional impairment, and frequency of family accommodation of symptoms. Contrary to expectation, child-reported OCD symptoms did not significantly predict QOL; however, lower overall QOL was strongly associated with the presence of comorbid major depressive disorder (g=3D −0.76) and slightly related to comorbid social phobia (g=3D −0.36). These results suggest that assessing and addressing comorbid conditions in the treatment of youth with OCD is an important component of intensive treatment.

Patterns of Reassurance Seeking and Reassurance-Related Behaviours in OCD and Anxiety Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kobori ◽  
Paul M. Salkovskis
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background: Reassurance seeking is particularly prominent in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may be important in OCD maintenance. Aims: This study used a new self-report questionnaire to measure the range of manifestations of reassurance-seeking behaviours, describing their sources from which they seek, frequency, process (how they seek), and consequences (as opposed to triggers and motivations). This study also attempts to identify the degree to which reassurance is specific to OCD as opposed to panic disorder. Method: Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire (ReSQ) was administered to 153 individuals with OCD, 50 individuals with panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, and 52 healthy controls. The reliability and validity of the measure was evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Results: Reassurance seeking was found to be more frequent in both anxiety disorders relative to healthy controls. Individuals diagnosed with OCD were found to seek reassurance more intensely and carefully, and were more likely to employ “self-reassurance” than the other two groups. Conclusions: Further investigation of reassurance will enable better understanding of its role in the maintenance of anxiety disorders in general and OCD in particular.

Investigating the role of anticipatory reward and habit strength in obsessive-compulsive disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Ferreira ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Andrew Dawson ◽  
Valentina Lorenzetti ◽  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

AimsTo determine the rates and associated illness characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients who describe their symptoms as either rewarding or habitual.MethodsSeventy-three treatment-seeking OCD patients had their dominant compulsive behavior assessed with a structured interview (the Temporal Impulsive-Compulsive Scale–Revised) to track the progression of rewarding (ie, gain in positive affect), aversive (ie, decrease in negative affect), and neutral (or non-affective) states and a self-report scale (the Self-Report Habit Index) to evaluate their habitual features. Additional measures included structured diagnostic interviews for axis I and II disorders, measures of OCD symptoms severity, and a battery of instruments to comprehensively assess relevant aspects of sensitivity to reward and fear.ResultsAlmost half (49%) of our OCD patients (particularly washers) endorsed that they anticipated obtaining a reward (ie, positive affect) from the enactment of their dominant compulsive behavior. Washers stood out in that their positive affects during and after compulsive behaviors were highly (and positively) correlated with duration of illness. In contrast, habit strength did not differ between washers, checkers, and arrangers, although it also correlated with duration of illness among checkers. Furthermore, the severity of OCD and comorbidity with impulse control disorders predicted up to 35% of the variance in the habit strength of OCD behaviors.ConclusionCompulsive washing may be more clearly characterized by problems in reward processing. In contrast, duration of checking, severity of OCD, and comorbidity with impulse control disorders shape compulsive behaviors by imparting them with habitual tendencies.

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