Vitamin D Status is Linked to Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endothelial Activation in Obese Children

Abstract Background. Among the causative factors of obesity, a rather newly proposed theory is viral infections. The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported by some research groups in children. We hypothesized that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a case control study on children and adolescents with normal weight, over weight and obesity. Methods. In total, 91 (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obese: 25) apparently healthy children aged 5-18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed. Results. The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of calcidiol decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in normal weight than in overweight and obese children (31.0±16.4, 22.5±10.5 and 21.9±9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p=0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH)D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in calcidiol concentration (OR: 0.95, p=0.012). Conclusion. It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis and weight gain may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in obese children. Further studies are warranted.

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Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/7942716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Milena M. Cojic ◽

Aleksandra Klisic ◽

Radivoj Kocic ◽

Andrej Veljkovic ◽

Gordana Kocic

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Data Driven ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Recent advances in vitamin D research indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are suffering from vitamin D deficiency and increased oxidative stress to a variable extent, which could produce different health impacts for each individual. The novel multivariate statistical method applied in the present study allows metabolic phenotyping of T2DM individuals based on vitamin D status, metabolic control, and oxidative stress status in order to identify effectively different subtypes in our type 2 DM study population. Data-driven statistical cluster analysis was performed with 95 patients with T2DM, treated with metformin. Clusters were based on 12 variables—age, disease duration, vitamin D level, insulin, fasting glycemia (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density and low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides/glucose index (TYG). The analysis revealed four unique clusters which differed significantly in terms of vitamin D status, with a mean 25 (OH) D level in cluster 1 ( 57.84 ± 11.46 nmol/L) and cluster 4 ( 53.78 ± 22.36 nmol/L), falling within the insufficiency range. Cluster 2 had the highest mean level of 25 (OH) D ( 84.55 ± 22.66 nmol/L), indicative of vitamin D sufficiency. Cluster 3 had a mean vitamin D level below 50 nmol/L ( 49.27 ± 16.95 ), which is considered deficient. Patients in the vitamin D sufficient cluster had a significantly better glycemic and metabolic control as well as a lower level of lipid peroxidation compared to other clusters. The patients from the vitamin D sufficient cluster also had a significantly higher level of vitamin D/MPO, vitamin D/XO, vitamin D/MDA, vitamin D/CAT, and vitamin D/TRC than that in the vitamin deficient and insufficient clusters. The vitamin D deficient cluster included significantly younger patients and had a significantly lower level of AOPP/TRC and albumin/TRC than the vitamin D sufficient cluster. The evidence from our cluster analysis in the context of separated T2DM demonstrates beneficial effects of optimal vitamin D status on metabolic control and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. Older T2DM patients require higher vitamin D levels in order to achieve good metabolic control and favorable antioxidant protection. Since protein damage is more pronounced in these patients, adding water-soluble antioxidant in addition to higher doses of vitamin D should be considered.

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