Physical training interventions and injury prevention in Swiss soldiers

Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat variation of adjacent heartbeats, is an indicator of the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Increased HRV reflects well-functioning of autonomic control mechanism and cardiovascular health. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a systematic overview of the effects of different physical training modalities on resting HRV and cardiovascular health and risk factors (i.e., baroreflex sensitivity, body fat, body mass, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate recovery, VO2 max, and VO2 peak) in young and middle-aged (mean age of the studies samples up to 44 years), healthy adults.Methods: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines was performed. Studies investigating the effects of different physical interventions (endurance, resistance, high-intensity, coordinative, or multimodal training) on HRV were included. Trials were considered eligible if the intervention lasted for at least 4 weeks and participants were regarded as general healthy. Five electronic databases were searched from 2005 to September 8th, 2020. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed by two study quality and reporting assessment scales (TESTEX and STARDHRV). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020206606.Results: Of 3,991 retrieved records, 26 were considered eligible and analyzed. Twelve studies used an endurance training (of which three included high-intensity sessions), six studies resistance training, four studies coordinative training, two studies high-intensity training, and two studies used a multimodal intervention. Overall, the results showed for all types of intervention an improvement in linear and non-linear HRV parameters and cardiovascular health and risk factors. However, quality assessment revealed some methodological and reporting deficits.Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the benefits of different types of physical training interventions on autonomic function and health parameters in young and middle-aged, healthy adults. In conclusion, higher training intensities and frequencies are more likely to improve HRV. For future studies, we recommend adhering to the criteria of methodological standards of exercise interventions and HRV measurements and encourage the use of non-linear HRV parameters.

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EFFECTIVE EXERCISE BASED TRAINING INTERVENTIONS TARGETING INJURY PREVENTION IN TEAM-BASED SPORTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 647.1-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E O'Malley ◽

J Murphy ◽

C Gissane ◽

U McCarthy-Persson ◽

C Blake

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Training Interventions

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Factors Associated With Injury Among Employees at a U.S. Army Hospital

Workplace Health & Safety ◽

10.1177/2165079917736069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (7) ◽

pp. 322-330

Author(s):

Anna Schuh-Renner ◽

Michelle Canham-Chervak ◽

Darren W. Hearn ◽

P. Ann Loveless ◽

Bruce H. Jones

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Physical Training ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Active Duty ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Army Hospital ◽

Active Duty Military

The purpose of this study was to investigate injury incidence and factors associated with injury among employees at a large U.S. Army hospital to inform injury prevention planning and health promotion education efforts. Demographics, health behaviors, and injury history were collected by survey from hospital employees between October and December 2014. Descriptive statistics were reported and factors associated with injury were determined using multiple logistic regression. Respondents (380; 56% females, 44% males; 54% active duty military, 45% civilians) reported a prevalence of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., not enough exercise [58%] and poor sleeping habits [49%]). Nearly half of respondents (47%) reported at least one occupational injury in the past 12 months. Leading mechanisms of injuries were repetitive overuse (36%), falls (15%), and single twisting movement/overexertion (14%). Leading activities at the time of injury were physical training (24%), walking/hiking (15%), and lifting or moving objects (11%). Factors associated with injury included active duty military status, less education, tobacco use, overuse of alcohol or drugs, and stress. Health education efforts and materials intended for hospital staff should incorporate identified modifiable injury risk factors (e.g., alcohol and drug use, stress, tobacco use, poor sleep). Injury prevention initiatives should focus on physical training, walking/hiking, and lifting. Establishment of surveillance and routine review of employee injury, illness, and health behavior data are recommended to monitor program effects and collect data necessary to inform future prevention priorities and planning.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF MENTAL IMAGERY MODULE AMONG TAEKWONDO MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling ◽

10.35631/ijepc.4310013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 140-153

Author(s):

Joharah Ameer Hussain ◽

Norlena Salamuddin

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Physical Training ◽

Martial Arts ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Control Group ◽

Training Interventions ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Alternative Training

Mental training has proven its importance in training program by enhancing athletes performance. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of imagery training interventions among Koryo taekwondo martial arts athlete. Respondent for this study was 74 athletes and coaches who were elite athletes who had participated in national and international competitions aged 16 to 23. All athletes have completed a Vividness of visual imagery questionnaire that assesses the degree of image clarity and involves an athlete's cognitive ability to perform imagery skills. The study was a quasi-experimental study where subject rehearses application of the Imagery module as an alternative training. The imagery module was based on the five main attack techniques used in sparring competition which has complete instruction for trainers and athletes with reliability values from 0.53 to 0.75. A pre-test was conducted prior to the implementation of the intervention module while the post-test was done after the imagery intervention module was held for 14 weeks. All the data for both pre and post-tests were analyzed inferentially and descriptively while the t-test was conducted to see a comparison of state anxiety using competitive state anxiety inventory-2 CSAI-2 that tested the level of anxiety concerns before and after undergoing imagery training interventions. The test of pre and post studies show a significant difference in the treatment group undergoing imagery training interventions for the construct of cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-esteem, is significant. The findings showed a significant difference in the treatment group undergoing imagery training interventions compared to the control group that only carried out physical training. The results of this study give a true picture of the effectiveness of the imagery training in reducing the level of anxiety of the athlete during the competition as increasing confidence and the quality of the performance to achieve the desired achievement. The findings also have positive implications for the trainers on the importance of imagery training as alternative training compared to physical training.

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