scholarly journals Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene A/G polymorphism and elevated blood pressure in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhong ◽  
Zhengchen Yan ◽  
Daoyan Liu ◽  
Yinxing Ni ◽  
Zhigang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

scholarly journals Na+-sensitive elevation in blood pressure is ENaC independent in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (9) ◽  
pp. F812-F820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Nizar ◽  
Wuxing Dong ◽  
Robert B. McClellan ◽  
Mariana Labarca ◽  
Yuehan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Electrolyte Excretion ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Fat Feeding

The majority of patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome have hypertension, but the mechanisms of hypertension are poorly understood. In these patients, impaired sodium excretion is critical for the genesis of Na+-sensitive hypertension, and prior studies have proposed a role for the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in this syndrome. We characterized high fat-fed mice as a model in which to study the contribution of ENaC-mediated Na+ reabsorption in obesity and insulin resistance. High fat-fed mice demonstrated impaired Na+ excretion and elevated blood pressure, which was significantly higher on a high-Na+ diet compared with low fat-fed control mice. However, high fat-fed mice had no increase in ENaC activity as measured by Na+ transport across microperfused cortical collecting ducts, electrolyte excretion, or blood pressure. In addition, we found no difference in endogenous urinary aldosterone excretion between groups on a normal or high-Na+ diet. High fat-fed mice provide a model of metabolic syndrome, recapitulating obesity, insulin resistance, impaired natriuresis, and a Na+-sensitive elevation in blood pressure. Surprisingly, in contrast to previous studies, our data demonstrate that high fat feeding of mice impairs natriuresis and produces elevated blood pressure that is independent of ENaC activity and likely caused by increased Na+ reabsorption upstream of the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Central ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) Attenuates the Pressor Response to Chronic Central Infusion of Ang II (Angiotensin II)

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1525
Author(s):  
Anyun Ma ◽  
Lie Gao ◽  
Ahmed M. Wafi ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
Tara Rudebush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion

We investigated the mechanism by which ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) overexpression alters neurohumoral outflow and central oxidative stress. Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) is a master antioxidant transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. We hypothesized that upregulation of central ACE2 inhibits the pressor response to Ang II (angiotensin II) by reducing reactive oxygen species through a Nrf2/antioxidant enzyme–mediated mechanism in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Synapsin human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 positive (SynhACE2 +/+ ) mice and their littermate controls synhACE2 −/− were used to evaluate the consequence of intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang II. In control mice, Ang II infusion evoked a significant increase in blood pressure and norepinephrine excretion, along with polydipsia and polyuria. The pressor effect of central Ang II was completely blocked in synhACE2 +/+ mice. Polydipsia, norepinephrine excretion, and markers of oxidative stress in response to central Ang II were also reduced in synhACE2 +/+ mice. The MasR (Mas receptor) agonist Ang 1–7 and blocker A779 had no effects on blood pressure. synhACE2 +/+ mice showed enhanced expression of Nrf2 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla which was blunted following Ang II infusion. Ang II evoked nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in cultured Neuro 2A (N2A) cells. In synhACE2 −/− mice, the central Ang II pressor response was attenuated by simultaneous intracerebroventricular infusion of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane; blood pressure was enhanced by knockdown of Nrf2 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in Nrf2 floxed (Nrf2 f/f ) mice. These data suggest that the hypertensive effects of intracerebroventricular Ang II are attenuated by selective overexpression of brain synhACE2 and may be mediated by Nrf2-upregulated antioxidant enzymes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

scholarly journals The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽  
Lars Rydén
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Frail Elderly People

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.

scholarly journals Sex, BMI and age differences in metabolic syndrome: the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra N Slagter ◽  
Robert P van Waateringe ◽  
André P van Beek ◽  
Melanie M van der Klauw ◽  
Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components within sex-, body mass index (BMI)- and age combined clusters. In addition, we used the age-adjusted blood pressure thresholds to demonstrate the effect on the prevalence of MetS and elevated blood pressure. Subjects and methods Cross-sectional data from 74,531 Western European participants, aged 18–79 years, were used from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. MetS was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATPIII. Age-adjusted blood pressure thresholds were defined as recommended by the eight reports of the Joint National Committee (≥140/90 mmHg for those aged <60 years, and ≥150/90 mmHg for those aged ≥60 years). Results 19.2% men and 12.1% women had MetS. MetS prevalence increased with BMI and age. Independent of BMI, abdominal obesity dominated MetS prevalence especially in women, while elevated blood pressure was already highly prevalent among young men. Applying age-adjusted blood pressure thresholds resulted in a 0.2–11.9% prevalence drop in MetS and 6.0–36.3% prevalence drop in elevated blood pressure, within the combined sex, BMI and age clusters. Conclusions We observed a gender disparity with age and BMI for the prevalence of MetS and, especially, abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure. The strict threshold level for elevated blood pressure in the revised NCEP-ATPIII, results in an overestimation of MetS prevalence.

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME 2 GENE POLYMORPHISM IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. S317-S318
Author(s):  
J. Zhong ◽  
Z. Zhu ◽  
T. Cao ◽  
Z. Yan ◽  
C. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
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