Development a new index for littered waste assessment in different environments: A study on coastal and urban areas of northern Iran (Caspian Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 112684
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Parvaneh Latifi ◽  
Zohre Kazemi ◽  
Zahra Kazemi ◽  
Maryam Morovati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northern Iran

Is the Slope Between the Alborz Mountains and Caspian Sea in Northern Iran a Bottleneck for Migrating Raptors?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Panuccio ◽  
Bahareh Ghafouri ◽  
Elham Nourani
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Northern Iran

scholarly journals Geothermal field and geology of the Caspian Sea region

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Zui ◽  
Siamak Mansouri Far Far
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
The North

The Caspian Sea and adjacent areas form the vast oil and gas-bearing megabasin. It consists of North Caspian, Middle Caspian, and South Caspian sedimentary basins. The granite-metamorphic basement of the basins becomes from north to south younger in the direction from Early Precambrian to Early Cimmerian age. It represents a transitional zone from the southern edge of the East European Craton to Alpine folding. Geothermal investigations have been carried out both in hundreds of deep boreholes and within the Caspian Sea and a few preliminary heat flow maps were published for the Caspian Sea region. All they excluded from consideration the southern part of the region within Iranian national borders. We prepared a new heat flow map including the northern Iran. The purpose of the article is to consider heat flow pattern within the whole Caspian Sea region including its southern part. Two vast high heat flow anomalies above 100 mW/m2 distinguished in the map: within the southwestern Iran and in waters of the Caspian Sea to the North of the Apsheron Ridge, separated by elongated strip of heat flow below 50 –55 mW/m 2 . A general tendency of heat flow from growing was distinguished from the Precambrian crustal blocks of the North Caspian Depression to the Alpine folding within the territory of Iran. Analysis of the heat flow pattern is discussed and two heat flow density profiles were compiled.

The Sultan and the Defiant Prince in Hunting Competition: Questions of Legitimacy in Hunting Episodes of Tabaristān

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Miklós Sárközy
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

The provinces of Northern Iran, the region south of the Caspian Sea, had a particular role in the Arab conquest of Iran. Their geographical isolation, mountainous regions, steamy and often intolerable sub-Mediterranean climate and thick forests caused many difficulties for the early Muslim conquerors in the seventh century ad. The ʿAbbāsid empire could only penetrate into the mountains of Ṭabaristān and the valleys of Māzandarān in the second half of the eighth century. In this chapter, I analyse some legends concerning the early Islamic period of the central provinces of the Caspian regions Ṭabaristān and Māzandarān. On the basis of some of the evidence, it seems that these stories could be linked with the myths of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire – that of the Sāsānians.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the current status of kidney transplant in terms of the type of receipt among Iranian patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Malekshahi ◽  
Hamidreza Fallah MortezaNejad ◽  
Morteza Rahbar Taromsari ◽  
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh ◽  
Kourosh Delpasand
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Average Wait Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Living Related ◽  
Transplanted Kidneys

Abstract Introduction With the increasing prevalence and incidence of chronic renal failure leading to advanced kidney disease (ESRD), the use of renal transplant therapy is increasing globally. The aim of this study was to determine the status of kidney transplant in patients during a period of 4–5 years. Materials and methods In this retrospective, analytical study, patients undergoing renal transplant at one of the hospitals in northern Iran were studied. The data was collected using a checklist assessing the required information, including the age, sex, place of residence, source of the kidney for transplant (living related, living non-related, deceased), kidney receiving method (donated, purchased), and wait time for a kidney transplant. Results A total of 228 patients were included in the study, of which 73.7% were male and 26.3% were female. The average wait time for kidney transplant was 386.22 days. The mean age of patients was 32.7 ± 10.7 years. In addition, living non-related (66.2%) and deceased (14%) were the most and least frequent sources of kidney transplant, respectively. Moreover, 51.8% of all transplanted kidneys were purchased. Conclusion Over the past 5 years, there has been a decrease in wait time for kidney transplant in Rasht, Iran. Factors, such as being female, lower age, and living in urban areas, are related to a shorter wait time for kidney transplant. The most common types of kidney transplant are from non-related donors and purchased.

Prevalence of Regular Exercise Among Iranian Adults: A Study in Northern Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Maddah ◽  
Zahra Akbarian ◽  
Solmaz Shoyooie ◽  
Maryam Rostamnejad ◽  
Mehdi Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Men And Women

Background:Regular exercise is an important aspect of physical activity for people living in urban areas. We examined prevalence of regular exercise in leisure times and some related factors in middle aged men and women in northern Iran.Method:A cross-sectional survey was undertaken on 1425 women and 676 men in 2 main cities in northern Iran. Information on exercise habits was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Regular exercise was defined as any kind of recreational or sport physical activity other than walking performed three or more days per week for at least 20 minutes. Questions on perceived barriers on regular exercise and walking habit were also included in the questionnaire.Results:Findings showed that 11.2% of the participants (9% in women and 12.8% in men P < .05) did exercise regularly. Prevalence of doing regular exercise was inversely related to age in women but not in men. Educated women were more likely to do regular exercise. The most common perceived barrier for regular exercise was time insufficiency.Conclusion:Only a small proportion of the study men and women had sustainable regular exercise for 1 year. Regular exercise was more common among young and well educated women than older women and the men.

Vitamin D status in preschool children: should vitamin D supplementation, preventing vitamin D deficiency be continued in children over 2 years?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Esmaeili dooki ◽  
L Moslemi ◽  
A A Moghadamnia ◽  
M Alijanpour Aghamaleki ◽  
A Bijani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among preschool children in rural and urban areas of Northern Iran and need for continuing vitamin D supplementation after 2 years of age. Method A sample of 406 children aged 30–72 months was selected from health centres. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), demographic data, anthropometric characteristics and total body surface area, were evaluated. Results Subnormal vitamin D levels were found in 68.94% (269) of children. In multiple logistic regression models, season (P = 0.001) and residency (P = 0.006) were significantly correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = −0.18, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = −1.1, P < 0.001) and sun exposure (β = 0.4, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 25OHD level. Conclusion Owing to the high prevalence of subnormal vitamin D levels in preschool children, it is recommended that vitamin D deficiency prevention programs are continued in this age group.

Between the mountains and the sea: Late Holocene Caspian Sea level fluctuations and vegetation history of the lowland forests of northern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer ◽  
Ata Abdollahi Kakroodi ◽  
Salomon B. Kroonenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lowland Forests

Occurrence of Paederus fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the sandy tidal zone of the Caspian seashore

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
J. Rafinejhad ◽  
F. Asgarian ◽  
S. H. Nikookar ◽  
S. P. Ziapour ◽  
M. Fazeli-Dinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
First Report ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Geographical Variations

AbstractRove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphilinidae) are a group of diverse insects occurring in a range of different ecosystems, from the plains to the mountaintops. However, there are no reports in the literature of their presence in the tidal zone of the seashore. This is the first report of the presence ofPaederus fuscipesCurtis on the coastal sands of the Caspian Sea, northern Iran. In all 14 counties of Mazandaran Province on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, systematic monthly sampling of the beetles took place from May 2012 to April 2013. Samplings (30-min-person) were performed and specimens collected from the sandy seashore by gloved bare hands and identified using appropriate keys. To our surprise, all 1012 specimens collected were exclusivelyP. fuscipesCurtis, but with significant seasonal and geographical variations among the numbers of specimens collected. The distribution and activity ofP. fuscipeswere outstanding in Mahmoodabad and Fereidonkenar counties, with the highest abundance and frequency in September, posing a serious health threat to tourists and residents of these areas.

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