In vitro and in vivo investigations of a-C/a-C:Ti nanomultilayer coated Ti6Al4V alloy as artificial femoral head

Wear of the polyethylene acetabular component is the most serious threat to the long-term success of total hip replacements (THRs). Greatly reduced wear rates have been reported for unidirectional, compared to multidirectional, articulation in vitro. This study considers the multidirectional motions experienced at the hip joint as described by movement loci of points on the femoral head for individual THR patients. A three-dimensional computer program determined the movement loci of selected points on the femoral head for THR patients and normal subjects using kinematic data obtained from gait analysis. The sizes and shapes of these loci were quantified by their sliding distances and aspect ratios with substantial differences exhibited between individual THR patients. The average sliding distances ranged from 10.0 to 18.1 mm and the average aspect ratios of the loci ranged from 2.5 to 9.2 for the THR patients. Positive correlations were found between wear rate and average sliding distance, the inverse of the average aspect ratio of the loci and the product of the average sliding distance and the inverse of the average aspect ratio of the loci. Patients with a normal hip joint range of motion produce multidirectional motion loci and tend to experience more wear than patients with more unidirectional motion loci. Differing patterns of multidirectional motion at the hip joint for individual THR patients may explain widely differing wear rates in vivo.

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Protective Effects of Total Saponins of Panax Notoginseng on Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head In Vivo and In Vitro

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/165679 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Heng-feng Yuan ◽

Jian-feng Pan ◽

Shuo Li ◽

Chang-an Guo ◽

Shu-hao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Panax Notoginseng ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Model Group

This research was designed to investigate the protective effects of TSPN on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) and the likely mechanisms of those effects. As an in vivo study, TSPN was shown to be protective against steroid-induced ANFH due to the upregulation of VEGF-A. Furthermore, TSPN attenuated the apoptosis of osteocytes and reduced the expression of Caspase-3 relative to the model group. As an in vitro study, TSPN exerted a concentration-dependent protective effect against apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, TSPN (at a dose of 100 μg/mL) significantly reversed the dexamethasone-induced augmentation of Caspase-3 expression and activity. Therefore, our study demonstrated that TSPN had a protective effect against steroid-induced ANFH that was related to the upregulation of VEGF-A and the inhibition of apoptosis and Caspase-3 activation.

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Glycosaminoglycan turn-over in articular cartilage

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1975.0054 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 271 (912) ◽

pp. 293-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Human Articular Cartilage ◽

Sulphate Content ◽

Sulphate Uptake ◽

Inorganic Sulphate ◽

The Mean ◽

Turn Over

Glycosaminoglycan turn-over has been studied both in vivo and in vitro , by using sodium [ 35 S]sulphate as a precursor. The in vivo experiments were performed on rabbits and dogs, taking special care to monitor the 35 S radioactivity in the serum throughout the experiment and to measure the radioactivity due to unincorporated inorganic [ 35 S] sulphate in cartilage at the end of each experiment, in addition to that due to incorporated sulphate. The inorganic sulphate content of the serum was also determined as well as the distribution coefficient for the inorganic sulphate ion between cartilage and serum. From this information it was possible to calculate accurately the rate of sulphate uptake by cartilage in vivo and hence the turn-over rate. Experiments were then performed in vitro on cartilage from rabbits and dogs and the in vivo and in vitro results were compared. A very good agreement was obtained between the two sets of results. Studies were then carried out under exactly the same in vitro conditions on human articular cartilage and it was thus possible to obtain a turn-over rate for the latter which one could trust was close to the actual in vivo value. The mean half-lives thus obtained varied from 45 days for the young rabbit to 150 days for the adult dog and 800 days for the human femoral head. In human cartilage there were considerable variations in turn-over rate within a single joint as a function of depth below the surface, and between different joints. Thus, while the mean half-life for the human femoral head is 800 days, that for the femoral condyle is 300 days. Cartilage from osteoarthrosic femoral heads did not appear to differ much with respect to sulphate uptake from the normal specimens although the turn-over rates were somewhat higher.

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An evaluation of prosthetic femoral head impact on acetabular articular cartilage in a hemiarthroplasty model

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.3415/vcot-08-02-0020 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (02) ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Stanley ◽

R. Appleyard ◽

M. McGee ◽

S. Callary ◽

K. Nilsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Dead Cell ◽

Handheld Device ◽

The Impact

Summary Objectives: The quantitation of the impact of hemiarthroplasty currently involves clinical outcome measures and radiographic evaluation. This study used in vivo and in vitro means in order to evaluate articular cartilage changes following hemiarthroplasty in the sheep. Methods: Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was utilized in order to quantitate migration (penetration) in vivo of the femoral head into the articular cartilage of the acetabulum. Dynamic stiffness of retrieved specimens was quantitated in vitro using a handheld device. Chondrocyte viability was assessed using live/dead cell staining and quantitated using image analysis techniques. Saffranin-O staining provided histological assessment of the cellular response to hemiarthroplasty. Results: RSA showed rapid penetration of the femoral head into the acetabular cartilage over six months. Significantly higher levels of dynamic stiffness were observed in the acetabula following hemiarthroplasty. Confocal imagery highlighted changes in chondrocyte distribution and morphology. A loss of metachromasia, fibrovascular tissue invasion and apoptosis were observed histologically. Conclusions: RSA and measurement of the dynamic mechanical characteristics of cartilage provide a means of evaluating the development of degenerative articular cartilage changes in response to hemiarthroplasty.

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Upregulation of microRNA-320 decreases the risk of developing steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by inhibiting CYP1A2 both in vivo and in vitro

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 136-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ji-Hua Wei ◽

Qun-Qiang Luo ◽

Yu-Jin Tang ◽

Ji-Xia Chen ◽

Chun-Lan Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Necrosis Of Femoral Head

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Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head with osteogenesis and maintenance of blood supply

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-04313-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Houyi Sun ◽

Weicheng Zhang ◽

Ning Yang ◽

Yi Xue ◽

Tianhao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Cannabinoid Receptor ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Tunel Staining ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Cannabinoid Receptor 2

AbstractIn glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), downregulated osteogenic ability and damaged blood supply are two key pathogenic mechanisms. Studies suggested that cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is expressed in bone tissue and it plays a positive role in osteogenesis. However, whether CB2 could enhance bone formation and blood supply in GC-induced ONFH remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the effect of CB2 in GC-induced ONFH and possible mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. By using GC-induced ONFH rat model, rat-bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to address the interaction of CB2 in vitro and in vivo, we evaluate the osteogenic and angiogenic effect variation and possible mechanisms. Micro-CT, histological staining, angiography, calcein labeling, Alizarin red staining (ARS), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TUNEL staining, migration assay, scratch assay, and tube formation were applied in this study. Our results showed that selective activation of CB2 alleviates GC-induced ONFH. The activation of CB2 strengthened the osteogenic activity of BMSCs under the influence of GCs by promotion of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, CB2 promoted HUVECs migration and tube-forming capacities. Our findings indicated that CB2 may serve as a rational new treatment strategy against GC-induced ONFH by osteogenesis activation and maintenance of blood supply.

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The effect of genetically modified platelet-derived growth factor-BB over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells during core decompression for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02572-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Alfonso Guzman ◽

Masahiro Maruyama ◽

Seyedsina Moeinzadeh ◽

Elaine Lui ◽

Ning Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Early Stage ◽

Core Decompression ◽

Platelet Derived Growth Factor

Abstract Background Approximately one third of patients undergoing core decompression (CD) for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) experience progression of the disease, and subsequently require total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thus, identifying adjunctive treatments to optimize bone regeneration during CD is an unmet clinical need. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB plays a central role in cell growth and differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that were genetically modified to overexpress PDGF-BB (PDGF-BB-MSCs) in vitro and evaluate their therapeutic effect when injected into the bone tunnel at the time of CD in an in vivo rabbit model of steroid-associated ONFH. Methods In vitro studies: Rabbit MSCs were transduced with a lentivirus vector carrying the human PDGF-BB gene under the control of either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or phosphoglycerate (PGK) promoter. The proliferative rate, PDGF-BB expression level, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of unmodified MSCs, CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs, and PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs were assessed. In vivo studies: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits received an intramuscular (IM) injection of methylprednisolone 20 mg/kg. Four weeks later, the rabbits were divided into four groups: the CD group, the hydrogel [HG, (a collagen-alginate mixture)] group, the MSC group, and the PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group. Eight weeks later, the rabbits were sacrificed, their femurs were harvested, and microCT, mechanical testing, and histological analyses were performed. Results In vitro studies: PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs proliferated more rapidly than unmodified MSCs (P < 0.001) and CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs (P < 0.05) at days 3 and 7. CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs demonstrated greater PDGF-BB expression than PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs (P < 0.01). However, PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase staining at 14 days (P < 0.01), and osteogenic differentiation at 28 days (P = 0.07) than CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs. In vivo: The PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group had a trend towards greater bone mineral density (BMD) than the CD group (P = 0.074). The PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group demonstrated significantly lower numbers of empty lacunae (P < 0.001), greater osteoclast density (P < 0.01), and greater angiogenesis (P < 0.01) than the other treatment groups. Conclusion The use of PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs as an adjunctive treatment with CD may reduce progression of osteonecrosis and enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis in the treatment of early-stage ONFH.

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Multiscale Stem Cell Technologies for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2019/8914569 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Xibo Ma ◽

Wei Chai ◽

Jie Tian

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Stem Cell Therapies ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Osteogenic Lineage ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Or Gene

The last couple of decades have seen brilliant progress in stem cell therapies, including native, genetically modified, and engineered stem cells, for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In vitro studies evaluate the effect of endogenous or exogenous factor or gene regulation on osteogenic phenotype maintenance and/or differentiation towards osteogenic lineage. The preclinical and clinical outcomes accelerate the clinical translation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells have demonstrated better effects in the treatment of femoral head necrosis. Various materials have been used widely in the ONFH treatment in both preclinical and clinical trials. In a word, in vivo and multiscale efforts are expected to overcome obstacles in the approaches for treating ONFH and provide clinical relevance and commercial strategies in the future. Therefore, we will discuss the above aspects in this paper and present our opinions.

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