scholarly journals Moving beyond standard procedures to assess spontaneous recognition memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Ameen-Ali ◽  
A. Easton ◽  
M.J. Eacott
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition

scholarly journals Long-term associative memory in rats: effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Shimoda ◽  
Takaaki Ozawa ◽  
Yukio Ichitani ◽  
Kazuo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Associative Recognition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novelty Preference ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition ◽  
Familiarization Period

AbstractSpontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.

Ontogeny of spontaneous recognition memory in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 107361
Author(s):  
Arely Cruz-Sanchez ◽  
Jennifer Wilkin ◽  
Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition

scholarly journals Promoting and Optimizing the Use of 3D Printed Objects in Spontaneous Recognition Memory Tasks in Rodents: A Method for Improving Rigor and Reproducibility

eNeuro ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0319-21.2021
Author(s):  
Mehreen Inayat ◽  
Arely Cruz-Sanchez ◽  
Hayley H. A. Thorpe ◽  
Jude A. Frie ◽  
Blake A Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Developmental onset distinguishes three types of spontaneous recognition memory in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arely Cruz-Sanchez ◽  
Shadini Dematagoda ◽  
Ridda Ahmed ◽  
Sakhithya Mohanathaas ◽  
Nicole Odenwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition

Selective attention meets spontaneous recognition memory: Evidence for effects at retrieval

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Moen ◽  
Jeremy K. Miller ◽  
Marianne E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition

scholarly journals Long-term associative memory in rats: Effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254570
Author(s):  
Shota Shimoda ◽  
Takaaki Ozawa ◽  
Yukio Ichitani ◽  
Kazuo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Associative Recognition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novelty Preference ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Spontaneous Recognition ◽  
Familiarization Period

Spontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC recognition test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. In addition, repeated 30-min familiarization periods extended the significant novelty preference to 72 hours. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Effect of Niacin on Mitochondria of Allium Cepa Root Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
M. Arif Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Critical Interest

Although it is recognized that niacin (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), incorporated as the amide in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), is a cofactor in hydrogen transfer in numerous enzyme reactions in all organisms studied, virtually no information is available on the effect of this vitamin on a cell at the submicroscopic level. Since mitochondria act as sites for many hydrogen transfer processes, the possible response of mitochondria to niacin treatment is, therefore, of critical interest.Onion bulbs were placed on vials filled with double distilled water in the dark at 25°C. After two days the bulbs and newly developed root system were transferred to vials containing 0.1% niacin. Root tips were collected at ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr. intervals after treatment. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde-OsO4 as well as in 2% KMnO4 according to standard procedures. In both cases, the tissues were dehydrated in an acetone series and embedded in Reynolds' lead citrate for 3-10 minutes.

Microstructure of Electro-Eroded Cemented Carbide Surfaces

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
V. N. Filimonenko ◽  
M. H. Richman ◽  
J. Gurland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Plastic Carbon

The high temperatures and pressures that are found in a spark gap during electrical discharging lead to a sharp phase transition and structural transformation in the surface layer of cemented carbides containing WC and cobalt. By means of X-ray diffraction both W2C and a high-temperature monocarbide of tungsten (face-centered cubic) were detected after electro-erosion. The W2C forms as a result of the peritectic reaction, WC → W2C+C. The existence and amount of the phases depend on both the energy of the electro-spark discharge and the cobalt content. In the case of a low-energy discharge (i.e. C=0.01μF, V = 300v), WC(f.c.c.) is generally formed in the surface layer. However, at high energies, (e.g. C=30μF, V = 300v), W2C is formed at the surface in preference to the monocarbide. The phase transformations in the surface layer are retarded by the presence of larger percentages of cobalt.Metallographic examination of the electro-eroded surfaces of cemented carbides was carried out on samples with 5-30% cobalt content. The specimens were first metallographically polished using diamond paste and standard procedures and then subjected to various electrical discharges on a Servomet spark machining device. The samples were then repolished and etched in a 3% NH4OH electrolyte at -0.5 amp/cm2. Two stage plastic-carbon replicas were then made and shadowed with chromium at 27°.

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