The Geometry of Limb Motor Innervation is Controlled by the Dorsal–Ventral Compartment Boundary in the Chick Limbless Mutant

Abstract Introduction Idiopatic trigeminal neuralgia purely paroxysmal (ITNp) distributed in the supraorbital and suprathrochlear dermatomes (SSd), refractory to conventional treatments have been linked to the hyperactivity of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM). In these patients, the inactivation of the CSM via botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections has been proven to be safe and effective in reducing migraine burden. The main limitation of BTA is the need of repetitive injections and relative high costs. Based on the study of the motor innervation of the CSM, we describe here an alternative approach to improve these type of migraines, based on a minimally invasive denervation of the CSM. Materials and methods Motor innervation and feasibility of selective CSM denervation was first studied on fresh frozen cadavers. Once the technique was safely established, 15 patients were enrolled. To be considered eligible, patients had to meet the following criteria: positive response to BTA treatment, migraine disability assessment score > 24, > 15 migraine days/month, no occipital/temporal trigger points and plausible reasons to discontinue BTA treatment. Pre- and post- operative migraine headache index (MHI) were compared, and complications were classified following the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC). Results Fifteen patients (9 females and 6 males) underwent the described surgical procedure. The mean age was 41 ± 10 years. Migraine headache episodes decreased from 24 ± 4 day/month to 2 ± 2 (p < 0.001) The MHI decreased from 208 ± 35 to 10 ± 11 (p < 0.001). One patient (7%) had a grade I complication according to the CDC. No patient needed a second operative procedure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the selective CSM denervation represents a safe and minimally invasive approach to improve ITNp distributed in the SSd associated with CSM hyperactivation. Trial registration The data collection was conducted as a retrospective quality assessment study and all procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

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Cross-Innervation of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle by a Branch from the External Division of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949710600712 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 106 (7) ◽

pp. 594-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Sina Nasri ◽

Joel A. Sercarz ◽

Pouneh Beizai ◽

Young-Mo Kim ◽

Ming Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vocal Fold ◽

Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Laryngeal Nerve ◽

Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Motor Innervation ◽

Vocal Fold Vibration ◽

Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽

Thyroarytenoid Muscle ◽

Stimulation Of

The neuroanatomy of the larynx was explored in seven dogs to assess whether there is motor innervation to the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from the external division of the superior laryngeal nerve (ExSLN). In 3 animals, such innervation was identified. Electrical stimulation of microelectrodes applied to the ExSLN resulted in contraction of the TA muscle, indicating that this nerve is motor in function. This was confirmed by electromyographic recordings from the TA muscle. Videolaryngostroboscopy revealed improvement in vocal fold vibration following stimulation of the ExSLN compared to without it. Previously, the TA muscle was thought to be innervated solely by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This additional pathway from the ExSLN to the TA muscle may have important clinical implications in the treatment of neurologic laryngeal disorders such as adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

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Electrophysiological study of the dominant motor innervation to the extensor digitorum communis muscle and long head of triceps brachii at posterior divisions of brachial plexus

Microsurgery ◽

10.1002/micr.20911 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 535-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wen-Jun Li ◽

Shu-Feng Wang ◽

Peng-Chen Li ◽

Yu-Cheng Li ◽

Ya-Di Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

Electrophysiological Study ◽

Extensor Digitorum ◽

Extensor Digitorum Communis ◽

Motor Innervation ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Long Head

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Motor Innervation of the Human Cricopharyngeus Muscle

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348949910801207 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 108 (12) ◽

pp. 1132-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Clarence T. Sasaki ◽

H. Steven Sims ◽

Young-Ho Kim ◽

Agnes Czibulka

Keyword(s):

Motor Innervation ◽

Cricopharyngeus Muscle

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Motor innervation within supernumerary legs of cockroaches

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.63.2.497 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 497-503

Author(s):

J. Westin ◽

J. M. Camhi

Keyword(s):

Motor Innervation ◽

Stimulation Of

1. Clusters of legs having prothoracic and metathoracic origins were grown from the metathoracic coxa of the cockroach. 2. Or occasionally two, of the three major nerves innervating the cockroach leg. 3. Stimulation of a particular leg nerve (no. 3, 5 or 6) evoked movement at the same joints and in the same directions in a leg having only one nerve as in a normal leg. 4. Stimulation of a particular metathoracic nerve generally produced the same movements in a prothoracic leg transplanted to the metathoracic site as it did in a regenerated or intact metathoracic leg.

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Smoothened-mediated Hedgehog signalling is required for the maintenance of the anterior-posterior lineage restriction in the developing wing of Drosophila

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.20.4053 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (20) ◽

pp. 4053-4063 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S.S. Blair ◽

A. Ralston

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Hedgehog Signalling ◽

Compartment Boundary ◽

Complex Process ◽

Normal Site ◽

Selector Genes ◽

Signalling Models ◽

To Receive ◽

Anterior Posterior

It is thought that the posterior expression of the ‘selector’ genes engrailed and invected control the subdivision of the growing wing imaginal disc of Drosophila into anterior and posterior lineage compartments. At present, the cellular mechanisms by which separate lineage compartments are maintained are not known. Most models have assumed that the presence or absence of selector gene expression autonomously drives the expression of compartment-specific adhesion or recognition molecules that inhibit intermixing between compartments. However, our present understanding of Hedgehog signalling from posterior to anterior cells raises some interesting alternative models based on a cell's response to signalling. We show here that anterior cells that lack smoothened, and thus the ability to receive the Hedgehog signal, no longer obey a lineage restriction in the normal position of the anterior-posterior boundary. Rather these clones extend into anatomically posterior territory, without any changes in engrailed/invected gene expression. We have also examined clones lacking both en and inv; these too show complex behaviors near the normal site of the compartment boundary, and do not always cross entirely into anatomically anterior territory. Our results suggest that compartmentalization is a complex process involving intercompartmental signalling; models based on changes in affinity or growth will be discussed.

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