scholarly journals Imaging gene and environmental effects on cerebellum in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and typical development

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick de Zeeuw ◽  
Janna van Belle ◽  
Sarai van Dijk ◽  
Juliette Weusten ◽  
Bobby Koeleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Parenting Stress and Broader Phenotype in Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Dyslexia or Typical Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Bonifacci ◽  
Laura Massi ◽  
Veronica Pignataro ◽  
Sara Zocco ◽  
Simona Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Broader Phenotype ◽  
Reading History

In the present study parenting stress and the broader phenotype are investigated in two highly common developmental disorders, namely Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and specific reading impairment (dyslexia). Within a total sample of 130 parents, 27 were parents of children with ADHD (P-ADHD), 38 were parents of children with a diagnosis of dyslexia (P-DYS) and the other 65 participants were parents of children with typical development (P-TD). A battery of cognitive tasks was administered which included verbal and non-verbal Intellectual Quotient (IQ), reading speed (passage and nonwords), verbal fluency and the Attention Network Task (ANT). Reading history, symptoms of ADHD in adults and parenting stress were measured through questionnaires. Group differences evidenced that the P-DYS group had lower scores in the reading tasks, in the verbal fluency task and in the reading history questionnaire. Conversely, the P-ADHD group had more transversal cognitive weaknesses (IQ, reading tasks, verbal fluency) and the highest scores in parenting stress and ADHD symptoms, together with poor reading history. The groups did not differ in the ANT task. Parenting stress was predicted, on the whole sample, by lower socioeconomic status (SES) and number of family members and higher ADHD symptoms. Implications for research and clinical settings are discussed.

scholarly journals Overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders: separating unique from general psychopathology effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Ebba Du Rietz ◽  
Erik Pettersson ◽  
Isabell Brikell ◽  
Laura Ghirardi ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Factor Analytic Model ◽  
Internalising Disorders

BackgroundAlthough attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the latest diagnostic manuals, it shows phenotypic and genetic associations of similar magnitudes across neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders.AimsTo investigate if ADHD is aetiologically more closely related to neurodevelopmental than externalising or internalising disorder clusters, after accounting for a general psychopathology factor.MethodFull and maternal half-sibling pairs (N = 774 416), born between 1980 and 1995, were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth and Multi-Generation Registers, and ICD diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register. A higher-order confirmatory factor analytic model was fitted to examine associations between ADHD and a general psychopathology factor, as well as a neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising subfactor. Quantitative genetic modelling was performed to estimate the extent to which genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects influenced the associations with ADHD.ResultsADHD was significantly and strongly associated with all three factors (r = 0.67–0.75). However, after controlling for a general psychopathology factor, only the association between ADHD and the neurodevelopmental-specific factor remained moderately strong (r = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.42–0.45) and was almost entirely influenced by genetic effects. In contrast, the association between ADHD and the externalising-specific factor was smaller (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.24–0.27), and largely influenced by non-shared environmental effects. There remained no internalising-specific factor after accounting for a general factor.ConclusionsFindings suggest that ADHD comorbidity is largely explained by genetically influenced general psychopathology, but the strong link between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders is also substantially driven by unique genetic influences.

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