The role of personality traits in trajectories of long-term posttraumatic stress and general distress six years after the tsunami in Southeast Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Sveen ◽  
Filip Arnberg ◽  
Hans Arinell ◽  
Kerstin Bergh Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
General Distress

Racial Discrimination Predicts Mental Health Outcomes Beyond the Role of Personality Traits in a Community Sample of African Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262095731
Author(s):  
Yara Mekawi ◽  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Jessica Maples-Keller ◽  
Sierra Carter ◽  
Vasiliki Michopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchical Regression

Despite a consistent body of work documenting associations between racial discrimination and negative mental health outcomes, the utility and validity of these findings have recently been questioned because some authors have posited that personality traits may account for these associations. To test this hypothesis in a community sample of African Americans ( n = 419, age: M = 43.96 years), we used bivariate relations and hierarchical regression analyses to determine whether racial discrimination accounted for additional variance in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms beyond the role of personality. Bivariate relations between personality traits and racial discrimination were small and positive (i.e., rs ≈ .10). Regression results demonstrated that racial discrimination accounted for variance in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress independent of personality traits ( ps < .01). These results suggest that personality traits do not fully explain associations between racial discrimination and negative mental health outcomes, further supporting the detrimental impact of racial discrimination on the mental health of African Americans.

Southeast Asia: Comparatist Errors and the Construction of a Region

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Rajah
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Historical Period

AbstractThis paper questions the utility of traditional depictions of Southeast Asia as a region in terms of cultural criteria. These depictions, are essentialized characterizations and to the extent that they are directed at identifying Southeast Asia as a region, they reflect comparatist errors. It is argued that the central issue is not how Southeast Asia can or cannot be depicted as a region but, rather, conceptualizing regions and regionness as human constructs. Such an approach requires a focus on interactions instead of identity. From this perspective, regions may be seen as interpenetrated systems, both in a global sense and in sub-regional terms. Interpenetration is seen in terms of interactions of varying intensity and density centering on structures of interest which may be competitive or complementary and where the role of brokers and broker institutions are pivotal. Accordingly, from a long-term human historical perspective, endogenous experiences of region and regionness may well be regarded as variable phenomena depending on the structures of interest and the part played by brokers and broker institutions in any given historical period.

scholarly journals The role of FKBP5 genotype in moderating long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e403-e403 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wilker ◽  
A Pfeiffer ◽  
S Kolassa ◽  
T Elbert ◽  
B Lingenfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder

scholarly journals The role of trauma experiences, personality traits, and genotype in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among child survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Li ◽  
Qiuyue Lv ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Xueli Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
The Wenchuan Earthquake

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most prevalent type of psychiatric disorder among children after an earthquake. This study investigated the role of trauma experiences, personality traits, and genotype in the maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Methods In a previous large-scale epidemiological investigation 1 year after the Wenchuan earthquake, 215 children with PTSD symptoms were selected at random with their blood samples collected. All of them were followed up, and their PTSD symptoms were assessed 3 years later. The adolescent version of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, the earthquake exposure scale, and the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were used to determine PTSD symptoms, trauma experiences, and personality traits, respectively. We sequenced candidate genes involved in the regulation of long-term potentiation via NMDA-type receptors to identify the related SNP variations. Results Being trapped for a longer period of time, feeling one’s own or a family member’s life to be in danger, losing a close family member or friend, extraversion, neuroticism, TrkB, G72 and CNTF were found to be associated with the maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Experiences, personality traits, and genotype influenced the maintenance of PTSD in child survivors who were considered to be followed up without medicine. This result could help to identify potential targets for treatment and promote the rational allocation of medical resources.

scholarly journals “How Well Do I Know You?”: Intersubjective Perspectives in Music Therapy When Working with Persons with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multiple Disability ◽  
Reflection On Practice

The limited possibilities of understanding the inner reality of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) pose strong barriers for the development of a therapeutic relationship. Based on reflection on practice this contribution describes how music can be used for the realisation of continuous, attuned and harmoniously intertwined interactions that enable to gain deeper understanding of the person with PIMD and identify his/her positive personality traits. These reflections may be grounded in the theoretical framework of intersubjective communication. The author describes the role of music in both short-term and long-term interactions and discusses the benefits of music therapy for people with PIMD as well as for the interdisciplinary team support.

scholarly journals How do people respond to health news? The role of personality traits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Weston ◽  
Joshua Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health News ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Main Effects

When a patient receives a health diagnosis, their response (e.g., changes in behavior, seeking support) can have significant consequences for long-term health and well-being. Characteristics of health news are known to influence these responses, but personality traits have been omitted from this line of research. The current study examines the role of personality traits in predicting response to health news. Participants (N = 298) read scenarios in which they received health news that was manipulated to vary in severity, controllability and likelihood of outcomes. Participants then rated how likely they were to engage in a number of response behaviors. We examined the main effects and interaction of situational manipulations and personality traits on ratings of these behaviors. Both situations and personality traits influenced behavioral responses to health events. In particular, conscientiousness predicted Taking Action and Seeking Social Support. Neuroticism predicted both maladaptive and adaptive behavioral responses, providing support for the “healthy neurotic” hypothesis. Moreover, personality traits predicted best in weak (unlikely, controllable) situations. Both personality traits and situational characteristics contribute to behavioral responses to health news.

scholarly journals Predictors of Long-term Abstinence Among Chinese Smokers Following Treatment: The Role of Personality Traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 5351-5354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Y.P. Leung ◽  
Doreen W.H. Au ◽  
Tai-Hing Lam ◽  
Sophia S.C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits

Long-term functioning following whiplash injury: the role of social support and personality traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Nijs ◽  
Els Inghelbrecht ◽  
Liesbeth Daenen ◽  
Said Hachimi-Idrissi ◽  
Luc Hens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Whiplash Injury

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Occupational HIV Exposure: Two Cases and a Literature Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Worthington ◽  
John J. Ross ◽  
Ellen K. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Exposure

Two healthcare workers developed disabling chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after needlestick exposures to blood from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even though both continue to test negative for HIV antibody more than 22 months after their exposures. We describe these 2 cases and review the relevant literature. Prospective studies of psychological morbidity after occupational needlestick injuries are required to determine the role of long-term psychological follow-up, counseling, and support.

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