Role of the adenosine system and glucose restriction in the acute anticonvulsant effect of caprylic acid in the 6Hz psychomotor seizure test in mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Socała ◽  
Dorota Nieoczym ◽  
Mateusz Pieróg ◽  
Piotr Wlaź
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Psychomotor Seizure ◽  
Glucose Restriction

scholarly journals NMDA Receptor Mediates the Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Artemisia persica in PTZ-Induced Seizure in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shakiba Nasiri-Boroujeni ◽  
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Khadijeh Piroti ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Koupaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Nmda Receptor Subunits ◽  
Antioxidative Stress

It is necessary to seek more effective sources to design new drug against epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Artemisia persica on pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure in male mice by investigating the possible role of the NMDA receptor and antioxidative stress effect. The phenolic profile of A. persica extract was determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. Mice were treated with normal saline or A. persica extract or pentobarbital or a subeffective dose of extract plus ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) and/or effective dose of extract plus NMDA. PTZ (90 mg/kg) was injected intravenously for induction of seizure. The seizure threshold was measured. Then mice were euthanized and the antioxidant capacity and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the prefrontal cortex and serum were measured. The gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits (Nr2a and Nr2b) was determined by real-time PCR. Findings showed that A. persica extract increased the seizure threshold, increased antioxidant capacity, and decreased MDA levels in the serum and brain samples. A. persica extract reduced the expression of NMDA receptor subunits. The result showed that ketamine potentiated the effect of the subeffective dose of extract. HPLC analysis showed that quercetin had the highest flavonoid content and also caffeic acid had the highest content of the phenolic acids. A. persica extract probably via NMDA receptor exerts anticonvulsant properties.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant effect of lercanidipine against pentylenetetrazole induced kindling in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Nitya Selvaraj ◽  
Deepa Kameswari ◽  
Ramya Gandhi ◽  
Meher Ali Raja Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of high-voltage -sensitive activated dihydropyridine (L-type, CaV1.x) channels in the development of epilepsy. Based on that we hypothesized that lercanidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, would protect against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling in mice model of epilepsy.Methods: Kindling was induced in Swiss albino mice with PTZ in subconvulsive dose (30 mg/kg i.p.) thrice a week for nine weeks and the effect was scored using ‘4 point scoring system’. Rechallenging on the 3rd and 10th day with the same dose of PTZ was carried out after the last chronic dose.Results: The data of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with lercanidipine (½ h before PTZ, in doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p. daily) alone and in combination with diazepam (2mg/kg i.p.) had decreased the incidence and severity of seizure as well as prolonged the onset of kindling in a dose-dependent manner (p <0.05). On rechallenging, lercanidipine resulted in reduction of seizure score (p <0.05) and increased the seizure latency.Conclusions: The present study suggested that lercanidipine offered neuroprotection against PTZ induced kindling in mice.

Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Agonists Decrease Cyclic Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in the Mouse Brain

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-550. ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Vulliemoz ◽  
Hong Shen ◽  
Laszlo Virag
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Effector System ◽  
Cgmp Pathway ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Background In the central nervous system neurotransmitters, drugs or conditions that excite increase cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), an effect mediated by the neuromodulator nitric oxide, whereas those that sedate decrease cGMP. Volatile anesthetics were shown to decrease cerebellar cGMP, an effect that correlates with their anesthetic and anticonvulsant effect. Because alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists have anesthetic properties, the role of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the action of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine was investigated. Methods Groups of mice were given, intraperitoneally, one dose of either 30-600 micrograms/kg clonidine, or 3-300 micrograms/kg D-medetomidine (dexmedetomidine) or L-medetomidine. The alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists, 0.3-5 mg/kg yohimbine or 1 mg/kg atipamezole, 1 mg/kg of the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin, and 10-300 mg/kg of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N omega-nitro-1-arginine methylester and N omega-nitro-1-arginine, were given 10-20 min before the agonist. The mice were killed by microwave radiation focused to the head. Cyclic GMP was measured by radioimmunoassay in deproteinized extracts from different brain areas. Results Clonidine and dexmedetomidine, at sedative doses, dose-dependently decreased cerebellar cGMP (ED50: 100 and 50 micrograms/kg for clonidine and dexmedetomidine, respectively). This effect was inhibited by yohimbine and atipamezole, but not by prazosin, confirming the alpha-2 nature of the response to the agonists. L-medetomidine, which has no sedative/hypnotic effect, did not decrease cGMP. Pretreatment of the mice with a maximum dose of 100 mg/kg of a nitric oxide synthase antagonist abolished the cGMP response to the agonists. Similar results were obtained in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and caudate nucleus. Conclusions The results suggest that the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway is an effector system coupled to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediating sedation.

Role of serotonin in the anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine in genetically epilepsy-prone rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 350 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Shan Yan ◽  
PhillipC. Jobe ◽  
JaeHoon Cheong ◽  
KwangHo Ko ◽  
JohnW. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Effect

Role of calcium ions in the development of the anticonvulsant effect of taurine

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Gurevich ◽  
E. I. Tkachenko ◽  
O. G. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect

Amygdala adenosine A1 receptors have no anticonvulsant effect on piriform cortex-kindled seizures in rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Shahabi ◽  
Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh ◽  
Yaghoub Fathollahi ◽  
Narges Hoseinmardi ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Seizure Severity ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Kindled Seizures

Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that exerts its effects through A1 receptors. As the piriform/amygdala is a critical circuit for limbic seizure propagation, in this study, the role of basolateral amygdala A1 receptors on piriform cortex (PC)-kindled seizures was investigated. Rats were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of PC. In fully kindled animals, bilateral intra-amygdala N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA; 10–500 µmol/L, a selective A1 receptor agonist) had no effect on kindled-seizure parameters. However, bilateral intra-amygdala 2% lidocaine (reversal neuronal inhibitor) reduced the kindled seizure severity. There was significant increase in stage 4 latency and decrease in stage 5 duration. Bilateral lesion of basolateral amygdala of kindled animals (by electrical DC current) reduced the kindled seizure severity more dramatically. Our results showed afterdischarge duration, stage 5 duration, and seizure duration were decreased and stage 4 latency increased significantly. In addition, daily intra-amygdala CHA had no significant effect on PC kindling acquisition. Therefore, it may be concluded that although the basolateral amygdala neuronal activity has a critical role in the propagation of epileptic seizures from PC, the amygdala A1 receptors have no role in this regard. On the other hand, amygdala A1 receptors have no anticonvulsant or antiepileptogenic effect on PC-kindled seizures.

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