The study of adhesion between steel substrate, primer, and char of intumescent fire retardant coating

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Puspitasari ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Patthi Hussain ◽  
Puteri S.M. Megat-Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Fire Retardant

scholarly journals Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hao Ng ◽  
Indraneel Suhas Zope ◽  
Aravind Dasari ◽  
Kang Hai Tan
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Scale

Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.

scholarly journals CeO2-dolomite as fire retardant additives on the conventional intumescent coating in steel substrate for improved performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 04009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Zoleta ◽  
Gevelyn Itao ◽  
Vannie Joy Resabal ◽  
Arnold Lubguban ◽  
Ryan Corpuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Improved Performance

Multiple combinations of CeO2-Dolomite as fillers and Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) ingredients were used to optimize the intumescent coatings designed for I-beam steel substrates. The influenced of fillers and various combinations of flame-retardants on the fire protective performance of the coatings were evaluated using vertical Bunsen burner fire test and various characterization techniques. Formula C and Formula F having 1:1 and 2:2 CeO2-Dolomite ratio, obtained the lowest substrate temperature around 150oC and 150.4oC, respectively after 90 minutes fire exposure. Also, the morphological structures of intumescent char observed by SEM-EDX, demonstrated that Formula C and Formula F stimulated the formation of homogeneous and more compacted surface structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide the binding energies of C and O constituents, it was observed that [-(C2H4)n-] was the most important free radical as it could promote the formation of aromatic carbon chain in the char surface. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that the selection of appropriate fillers and combinations of flame-retardant ingredients significantly influenced the morphological structure of the char layer, of which, Formula C and Formula F produced a char with higher thermal stability, resulting to a more fire resistive IFR coating during fire exposure.

Enhancing the Char Resistant of Expandable Graphite Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings by Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes for Structural Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Faiz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In the intumescent fire retardant (IFR) coating char thickness and its strength play a vital role to protect the base steel structure from the fire. The IFR coating contains expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine, boric acid, bisphenol, epoxy resin BE-188 (BPA) which is used as a binder with ACR hardener H-2310 polyamide amine and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A range of different formations were prepared to study the heat shielding effect and char expansion after fire test. The intumescent coating was tested at 800°C for one hour in the furnace and found to be very stable and well bonded with the steel substrate. The characterization was done by using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) after fire test. The results confirmed that MWCNTs enhanced the char resistant of IFR coating on steel substrate after fire test. Keywords: Intumescent fire retardant coating, Expandable Graphite, Multiwall Carbonnano tubes, FESEM and TGA.

The Effect of Wollastonite Filler on Thermal Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia-ul-Mustafa ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff ◽  
Hammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Various types of intumescent fire retardant coatings (IFRCs) have been used to protect the substrates exposed to fire. In current study, high temperature filler Wollastonite (W) filler was used to improve fire performance of intumescent fire retardant coating. The basic ingredients of the coating were ammonium poly-phosphate (APP) as acid source, expandable graphite (EG) as carbon source, melamine (MEL) as blowing agent in epoxy binder, boric acid as additive and hardener as curing agent. In this study a range of coating formulations were developed by using different weight percentages of Wollastonite filler. The coated steel substrate samples were tested for fire performance using Bunsen burner and char expansion was measured using furnace fire test. Composition of the char was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The char morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that Intumescent coating with addition of Wollastonite filler enhanced anti-oxidation of the char. Presence of phosphorus, calcium and silicon in char layer further improved the thermal stability of char.

Effect of Titanium Oxide on Fire Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Aziz ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zia-ul-Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Weight Percentage

The objective of this research work was to study the thermal efficiency of intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) designed to protect structural steel in event of fire. IFRC has been effectively developed by using ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), melamine (MEL), boric acid (BA), titanium oxide (TiO2), and bisphenol A BE-188 with polyamide amine H-2310 as curing agent. Six formulations were developed using different weight percentage (wt. %) of TiO2 and samples were tested for char expansion in furnace at 500°C for 2 h. Bunsen burner test was used to investigate the thermal performance of coating and its performance was compared by using thermal margin value. FESEM was used for char morphology. Char composition was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. Results showed that the coating with 4 wt. % of TiO2 provides better thermal insulation to the steel substrate.

Thermal Degradation and Char Morphology of HNTs Reinforced Epoxy Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qandeel Fatima Gillani ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib ◽  
Ezza Syahera
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study investigates the effectiveness of halloysite nanotube as filler on improvement in thermal performance of epoxy based intumescent fire retardant coating. Several intumescent fire retardant formulations were developed with and without halloysite nanotube. The thermal performance and char morphology of Intumescent fire retardant formulations was studied. Bunsen burner (ASTM E-119) test revealed that incorporation of HNTs (1.5 wt. %) improved flame retardancy by reducing the temperature of steel substrate up to 99 °C when exposed to fire for 1 hour. This study also revealed the physical and chemical mechanisms of action of HNTs in the intumescent systems. Results showed that halloysite improved the growth of the intumescent shield and give better quality of char. HNT formed aluminosilicate network for the phosphocarbonaceous structure by chemical contacts with ammonium polyphosphate. These new chemical species enhanced thermal stabilization of the char at high temperature and offered good structural properties on micro and macro scale. This increased the mechanical strength of the shielding layer during burning and also enhanced the residual weight percentage after thermal degradation as shown in thermal gravimetrical curves.

Synergistic Effects of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Borate on Thermal Degradation and Water Resistance of Epoxy Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norlaili Amir ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Abdul Halim ◽  
Qandeel Fatima Gillani ◽  
Puteri S.M. Megat Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Bunsen Burner

Abstract. This studies discuss the synergistic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc borate on thermal stability and water resistance of intumescent fire retardant coatings. TiO2 in association with a traditional intumescent flame retardant system which contains ammonium polyphosphate/expandable graphite/melamine/ zinc borate (APP–EG–MEL-ZB) was introduced to epoxy based coatings to improve the fire resistance. The influences of TiO2 on the properties of the coatings were investigated in detail by using Bunsen burner fire test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and water immersion test. Bunsen burner test revealed that incorporation of titanium dioxide in intumescent formulation reduced the steel substrate temperature from 240 °C to 116 °C. The TGA results proved that addition of TiO2 could enhance the anti-oxidation of the char layers and increase the residue weights of the coatings. The FESEM images demonstrated that addition of TiO2 could improve the foam structure of the char residue. Sea water resistance test demonstrated that the optimum mass % age of TiO2 (6%) exhibited great synergism with natural anti-corrosion agent, zinc borate, and improved corrosion resistance performance of intumescent coating formulations.

The Role of Bentonite Clay on Improvement in Char Adhesion of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coating with Steel Substrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2043-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesbains Kaur ◽  
Faiz Ahmad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
P. S. M. Megat Yusoff ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Bentonite Clay
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