Montelukast inhibits inflammatory responses in small airways of the Guinea-pig

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Harrison ◽  
Raffaele Gatti ◽  
Simonetta Baraldo ◽  
Kim Lokar Oliani ◽  
Eunice Andre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Small Airways

Heterogeneous effect of leucotriene CysLT1receptor antagonists on antigen-induced motor and inflammatory responses in guinea-pig airways

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Alfieri ◽  
M. Tramontana ◽  
C. Cialdai ◽  
A. Lecci ◽  
S. Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Heterogeneous Effect

scholarly journals Inflammatory Responses in the Muscle Coat of Stomach and Small Bowel in the Postoperative Ileus Model of Guinea Pig

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Kyu Choi ◽  
Young Ho Lee ◽  
Jong Pil Park ◽  
Kevin Min ◽  
Hyojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Postoperative Ileus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Muscle Coat

Airway surface liquid thickness as a function of lung volume in small airways of the guinea pig

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2333-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yager ◽  
T. Cloutier ◽  
H. Feldman ◽  
J. Bastacky ◽  
J. M. Drazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Airway Surface Liquid ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Surface Liquid

The average thickness and distribution of airway surface liquid (ASL) on the luminal surface of peripheral airways were measured in normal guinea pig lungs frozen at functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC). Tissue blocks containing cross sections of airways of internal perimeter 0.188–3.342 mm were cut from frozen lungs and imaged by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Measurements made from LTSEM images were found to be independent of freezing rate by comparison of measurements at rapid and slow freezing rates. At both lung volumes, the ASL was not uniformly distributed in either the circumferential or longitudinal direction; there were regions of ASL where its thickness was < 0.1 micron, whereas in other regions ASL collected in pools. Discernible liquid on the surfaces of airways frozen at FRC followed the contours of epithelial cells and collected in pockets formed by neighboring cells, a geometry consistent with a low value of surface tension at the air-liquid interface. At TLC airway liquid collected to cover epithelial cells and to form a liquid meniscus, a geometry consistent with a higher value of surface tension. The average ASL thickness (h) was approximately proportional to the square root of airway internal perimeter, regardless of lung volume. For airways of internal perimeter 250 and 1,800 microns, h was 0.9 and 1.8 microns at FRC and 1.7 and 3.7 microns at TLC, respectively. For a given airway internal perimeter, h was 1.99 times thicker at TLC than at FRC; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval 1.29–3.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effects of (a Combination of) the Beta2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Indacaterol and the Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist Glycopyrrolate on Intrapulmonary Airway Constriction

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Harm Maarsingh ◽  
Anouk Oldenburger ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Annet B. Zuidhof ◽  
Carolina R. S. Elzinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Airway Constriction ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
M3 Receptors ◽  
Large Airways ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Β2 Agonist ◽  
Β2 Agonists

Expression of bronchodilatory β2-adrenoceptors and bronchoconstrictive muscarinic M3-receptors alter with airway size. In COPD, (a combination of) β2-agonists and muscarinic M3-antagonists (anticholinergics) are used as bronchodilators. We studied whether differential receptor expression in large and small airways affects the response to β2-agonists and anticholinergics in COPD. Bronchoprotection by indacaterol (β2-agonist) and glycopyrrolate (anticholinergic) against methacholine- and EFS-induced constrictions of large and small airways was measured in guinea pig and human lung slices using video-assisted microscopy. In guinea pig lung slices, glycopyrrolate (1, 3 and 10 nM) concentration-dependently protected against methacholine- and EFS-induced constrictions, with no differences between large and small intrapulmonary airways. Indacaterol (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) also provided concentration-dependent protection, which was greater in large airways against methacholine and in small airways against EFS. Indacaterol (10 μM) and glycopyrrolate (10 nM) normalized small airway hyperresponsiveness in COPD lung slices. Synergy of low indacaterol (10 nM) and glycopyrrolate (1 nM) concentrations was greater in LPS-challenged guinea pigs (COPD model) compared to saline-challenged controls. In conclusion, glycopyrrolate similarly protects large and small airways, whereas the protective effect of indacaterol in the small, but not the large, airways depends on the contractile stimulus used. Moreover, findings in a guinea pig model indicate that the synergistic bronchoprotective effect of indacaterol and glycopyrrolate is enhanced in COPD.

Nasal lavage as tool for health effect assessment of photochemical air pollution

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Steerenberg ◽  
PH Fischer ◽  
F. Gmelig Meyling ◽  
J. Willighagen ◽  
E. Geerse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Nasal Lavage ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Small Airways

It is widely accepted that humans exposed to known concentrations of ozone under controlled conditions exhibit reversible changes that affect the large and small airways as well as the alveolar region of the lung. Among the reversible changes, the induction of inflammatory responses in the lung are of major concern. Many of the cell types found in the lining of the nasopharyngeal region are similar to cells of the tracheal and bronchial lining. Therefore, it has been suggested that the cellular responses in the nose to toxicants are likely to be similar to the lower airway at the same dose of the agent. If these pollutants are respiratory irritants, capable of causing cellular damage, effects may therefore be detected in the nasal passage. Experimental studies have shown that the inflammatory response in the nose may be predictive for the situation in the lung. In this paper we described the results of a feasibility study on the use of nasal lavage for epidemiological studies. Nasal lavages were performed in 12 volunteers, 5-7 times per volunteer during 2 months. Polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMN's), immune mediators and markers for exudation were monitored in the nasal lavage (NAL). It was found that the procedure of the nasal lavage technique was minimally invasive, very well tolerated and no adverse side effects were observed. The leukocytes, the proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detectable in NAL of most volunteers, while tryptase IgE and IL-6 were not detectable. Exudation markers albumin, urea and uric acid were also detectable. The coefficient of variance (CV) values of the various cells and mediators varied between 13% and 137%. It was calculated that, except for the number of leukocytes and the concentration of ECP, it should be possible to detect ozone effects with a study- protocol of 6 repeated measurements among 35 children and an assumed 26% increase in cells or mediators per 100 μg O3 per m3. To measure increase in leukocytes number or in ECP concentration more children are needed. In conclusion, this pilot study has shown that it is possible to measure relevant biomarkers in NAL, and that these assays can be easily incorporated in epidemiological studies

Ultrastructure of the bronchiolar epithelium in the guinea pig

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
M. L. Davis ◽  
J. Lewandowski ◽  
R. F. Dodson ◽  
G. A. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Bronchiolar Epithelium

The guinea pig has played an important role as an animal model in the study of respiratory pathology. However, little information has been published concerning the ultrastructure of the small airways in control animals. The present study was undertaken to provide this information and these data are necessary before morphological changes induced by experimental respiratory insult can be evaluated.Four healthy, adult guinea pigs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then killed by right ventricular perfusion with phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. During the procedure, the lungs were ventilated with a rodent respirator. Immediately following vascular perfusion, the heart and lungs were removed intact, and the lungs were filled with fixative via the trachea. Slices of lung tissue were removed from each lobe and processed for both scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The terminal and respiratory bronchioles are the two types of small airways emphasized in the study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document