Reply to Charrach (2019) comment on “Mount Sedom salt diapir - Source for sulfate replenishment and gypsum supersaturation in the last glacial Dead Sea (Lake Lisan)” by Levy et al. (2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 106111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan J. Levy ◽  
Orit Sivan ◽  
Gilad Antler ◽  
Mordechai Stein ◽  
Boaz Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial

Mount Sedom salt diapir - Source for sulfate replenishment and gypsum supersaturation in the last glacial Dead Sea (Lake Lisan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 105871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan J. Levy ◽  
Orit Sivan ◽  
Gilad Antler ◽  
Boaz Lazar ◽  
Mordechai Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial

Changes in biogeochemistry recorded in the Lisan formation and the Dead Sea Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Turchyn ◽  
Harold Bradbury ◽  
Adi Torfstein
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Lisan Formation ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Arava Valley

<p>Terrestrial climate archives provide a rich array of information on regional climate dynamics that often can link to global climate change.  A range of new metal and coupled isotope proxies is helping to unlock the most information from terrestrial archives and this paleoclimate information. The Jordon-Arava valley, tectonically active since the early Neogene, is one of the world’s largest pull-apart basins.  Throughout the Pleistocene to the Holocene, the valley contained a series of lacustrine water bodies.  As the valley is located on the boundary between the African-Arabian deserts and the Mediterranean regional climatic zone, studies of past conditions in these lacustrine bodies allows the reconstruction of changes in the regional hydrological cycle.  Lacustrine sediments, such as those found in the Jordon-Arava valley, record paleoclimatic information similar to that found within marine sedimentary archives and often at much higher resolution, from millennial to even annual timescales. The Lisan Formation is a 40-80m thick Pleistocene marl, which was deposited in Lake Lisan, which existed over the last glacial cycle in the Jordan-Arava Valley. The Lisan Formation contains a significant quantity of annually-precipitated primary aragonite, which has not recrystallised to calcite, allowing for direct U-Th dating, which has led to an exceptional age model for the Lisan Formation.</p><p>Here we discuss the measurement of the sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of gypsum in the Lisan formation, as well as the generation of sulfur nodules within the formation that are not found in the sediment cores of the Dead Sea. We use this data to explore how sediment diagenesis, relating to changes in biogeochemistry, changes as a function of climate change over the last glacial cycle. We then present the calcium isotopic composition of the gypsum and interbedded aragonite, and show how the aragonite calcium isotopic composition covaries with lake level, and thus offers profound insight into the regional hydrological cycle in the Jordon-Arava Valley.</p>

scholarly journals Controls on the Radiocarbon Reservoir Ages in the Modern Dead Sea Drainage System and in the Last Glacial Lake Lisan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuven Belmaker ◽  
Mordechai Stein ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Boaz Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Last Glacial

Carbon isotopic and chemical compositions of freshwaters feeding the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee (i.e. perennial streams and floods along their stream profiles) were used to constrain the factors that dictate the reservoir ages (RA) of these lakes and the last glacial Lake Lisan. Runoff waters are characterized by high Ca2+, Mg2+, alkalinity, and radiocarbon contents (67–108 pMC), suggesting a major role for 14C atmospheric exchange reactions (carbonate rock dissolution alone will result in lower pMC values). These exchange processes were corroborated by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13C trends throughout the flood profile. During the evolution from rain to incipient runoff, the 14CDIC of the water increases and is accompanied by a DIC increase and δ13CDIC decrease, suggesting an addition of soil CO2, which is characterized by light δ13C and high 14C content. When incipient runoffs evolve to floods, the opposite trends are observed.It appears that the Sea of Galilee, the Dead Sea, and its last glacial precursor, Lake Lisan, maintained uniform but specific RAs of 0.8 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.6 ± 0.3 kyr, respectively. However, applying the 14C contents of modern Dead Sea water sources to the water mass balance of Lake Lisan reveals that the RA of Lake Lisan is higher than that predicted by the mass balance. This discrepancy may reflect enhanced dissolution of carbonatic dust, changes in the amount of 14C exchanged in Judean Desert floods, or variations in the contribution of brine and saline springs. Furthermore, the small fluctuations in the Lisan RA (1.6 ± 0.3 kyr) may reflect small, short-term changes in the relative contributions of these sources.

scholarly journals A new Dead Sea pollen record reveals the last glacial paleoenvironment of the southern Levant

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 98-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Miebach ◽  
Sophie Stolzenberger ◽  
Lisa Wacker ◽  
Andreas Hense ◽  
Thomas Litt
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial

ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF DEAD SEA SEDIMENT FROM THE LAST GLACIAL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget C. Craig ◽  
◽  
Yael Kiro ◽  
Steven L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial

Evolution of salt diapir and karst morphology during the last glacial cycle: Effects of sea-level oscillation, diapir and regional uplift, and erosion (Persian Gulf, Iran)

Geomorphology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Bruthans ◽  
Michal Filippi ◽  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Zdenka Churáčková ◽  
Naser Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Salt Diapir ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Level Oscillation ◽  
Uplift And Erosion ◽  
The Last Glacial

Southward migration of rain tracks during the last glacial, revealed by salinity gradient in Lake Lisan (Dead Sea rift)

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 1627-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.B Begin ◽  
M Stein ◽  
A Katz ◽  
M Machlus ◽  
A Rosenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Southward Migration ◽  
The Last Glacial

The diatom flora of Lake Lisan (Israel): a preliminary investigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Hartung ◽  
Jane M. Reed ◽  
Thomas Litt
Keyword(s):  
Lake Level ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Last Glacial

<p>The Eastern Mediterranean, and the southern Levant in particular, is a key region for palaeoclimatological and palaeoenvironmental research due to its highly complex topography and climatic variability. Our understanding of environmental variability and its possible drivers, and the interaction with migration processes of modern <em>Homo sapiens</em> from a source area in Africa to Europe, is still limited. This is partly because continuous sediment records of sufficient age are rare across the Mediterranean Basin. The deposits of the Dead Sea represent an ideal archive to investigate palaeoenvironmental conditions during human migration phases in the Last Glacial period (MIS 4-2). </p><p>Diatoms (single-celled siliceous algae, Bacillariophyceae) have well-recognised potential to generate high-quality palaeolimnological data, especially in closed-basin saline lakes, but they remain one of the least-exploited proxies in Eastern Mediterranean palaeoclimate research. Here, we present preliminary results of a low-resolution diatom study derived from analysis of sediment deposits of Lake Lisan, the last glacial precursor of the Dead Sea. Sediment cores were recovered during an ICDP campaign in 2010/2011 from the centre of the modern Dead Sea. 18 sediment samples were analysed to investigate (a) the preservation of diatom valves in various evaporitic deposits (b) possible shifts in diatom species composition of Lake Lisan during the Last Glacial period, and (c) if diatoms can be used as proxy indicator for lake-level and, thus, palaeoclimate reconstruction. We focus on a prominent lake-level high stand of Lake Lisan at around 28-22 ka BP, which resulted in the merging Lake Lisan and freshwater Lake Kinneret.</p><p>First results show that the diatom preservation is exceptionally good in evaporitic deposits of the sediment cores from Lake Lisan, which is contradictory to the available literature. In contrast to Holocene deposits from the Dead Sea, diatoms are abundant in all analysed samples from laminated deposits from Lake Lisan: the diatom flora is dominated by halophilous benthic diatoms, such as <em>Amphora</em> spp., <em>Halamphora</em> spp. and <em>Nitzschia</em> spp. In phases of lake-level high stands of Lake Lisan, the diatom flora shifts towards a more plankton-dominated freshwater flora containing <em>Aulacoseira</em> spp. and taxa from the <em>Cyclotella-ocellata-</em>species complex.</p>

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