Particulate emissions from a modern wood stove – Influence of KCl

A study has been made of the morphology and crystallography of particulate emissions from indirect injection diesel engines. This particulate matter consists substantially of carbon (although hydrocarbons can be extracted with solvents). Samples were collected in a diluted exhaust stream on amorphous carbon films and examined in a JEM-200C electron microscope operated in the TEM mode with an accelerating voltage of 200 KV.The morphology of the diesel particles, as shown in Fig. 1, markedly resembles carbon blacks and consists of an agglomeration of quasispherical subunits arranged in chains or clusters. Only limited changes in morphology were observed as the number of subunits in the particle increased (although larger particles tended to be more cluster-like than the extended chain shown in Fig. 1). However, a dramatic effect of the number of subunits was observed on the character of the diffraction pattern. Smaller particles yielded a diffraction pattern consisting of very diffuse rings typical of turbostratic carbon; the diffraction patterns from the larger particles, however, although qualitatively similar, exhibited much sharper and less diffuse ring patterns.

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Particulate emissions of heavy duty diesel engines measured from the tailpipe and the dilution tunnel

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105799 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105799

Author(s):

Sheng Su ◽

Tao Lv ◽

Yitu Lai ◽

Jinsong Mu ◽

Yunshan Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

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Number size distribution of particulate emissions of heavy-duty engines in real world test cycles

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.03.001 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 5247-5259 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Urs Lehmann ◽

Martin Mohr ◽

Thomas Schweizer ◽

Josef Rütter

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Real World ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Number Size Distribution

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A Comparative Study of Biofuels and Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Blends on the Engine Combustion Performance for Reducing Exhaust Gaseous and Particulate Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061538 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1538

Author(s):

Felipe Andrade Torres ◽

Omid Doustdar ◽

Jose Martin Herreros ◽

Runzhao Li ◽

Robert Poku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Road Transport ◽

Oxidation Catalyst ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Engine Combustion

The worldwide consumption of fossil hydrocarbons in the road transport sector in 2020 corresponded to roughly half of the overall consumption. However, biofuels have been discreetly contributing to mitigate gaseous emissions and participating in sustainable development, and thus leading to the extending of the commercial utilization of internal combustion engines. In this scenario, the present work aims at exploring the effects of alternative fuels containing a blend of 15% ethanol and 35% biodiesel with a 50% fossil diesel (E15D50B35) or 50% Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) diesel (E15FTD50B35) on the engine combustion, exhaust emissions (CO, HC, and NOx), particulate emissions characteristics as well as the performance of an aftertreatment system of a common rail diesel engine. It was found that one of the blends (E15FTD50B35) showed more than 30% reduction in PM concentration number, more than 25% reduction in mean particle size, and more than 85% reduction in total PM mass with respect to conventional diesel fuel. Additionally, it was found that the E15FTD50B35 blend reduces gaseous emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC) by more than 25% and NO by 3.8%. The oxidation catalyst was effective in carbonaceous emissions reduction, despite the catalyst light-off being slightly delayed in comparison to diesel fuel blends.

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Effects of Diesel Fuel Properties on Particulate Emissions from D.I. Diesel Engine: part 2: Chemical Analysis and Characterization of Diesel Fuel

JSAE Review ◽

10.1016/0389-4304(95)94841-a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

T Araga

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Engine Part

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The Design of Exhaust Gas Cooler for Diesel Particulate Bag Filter

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.608 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 737 ◽

pp. 608-611

Author(s):

Xiu Ye Wang ◽

Guo Bin Li ◽

Nan Xu

Keyword(s):

Diesel Exhaust ◽

Particulate Filter ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Bag Filter ◽

Engine Exhaust ◽

Particulate Emission ◽

Filter System ◽

Exhaust Temperature ◽

Diesel Exhaust Particulate ◽

Exhaust Particulate

Currently, the application of bag-filter technology in controlling diesel exhaust particulate emissions has been close to practical stage. As one of the key links in bag-filter technology, engine exhaust cooling can directly influence working safety of the entire exhaust particulate filter system. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental research of water-cooled chiller has provided a feasible basis for water cooler to be used in actual diesel exhaust particulate emission control system. The cooler can make engine exhaust temperature drop from 400 to 180 . Even when engine works in high-speed and high-load condition, inlet exhaust temperature of cooler can descend from 500 to 190 or so after cooling, which can still meet bag-filter system requirement of below 200 .

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Gaseous and particulate emissions from the Kuwaiti oil fires

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/0273-1177(94)90335-2 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 455-464

Author(s):

K.S.W. Champion ◽

L.N. Carter

Keyword(s):

Particulate Emissions

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Risk Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Biomass Cookstoves

Engineering/Technology Management ◽

10.1115/imece2005-82112 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan G. Johnson ◽

Mark Bryden ◽

Angran Xiao

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Biomass Cookstoves

Combustion of biomass in open fires and ad hoc unventilated stoves is the primary form of household energy for two to three billion people worldwide. These cookstoves have significant health, social, and economic impacts on poor families in developing countries. These impacts include disease, injury, excess time spent gathering fuel, deforestation, and high fuel costs relative to income. In an attempt to address many of these problems numerous non-governmental organizations have developed several biomass cookstove designs in the past five to ten years. These designs have generally focused on increasing fuel efficiency, and to a lesser degree, reducing particulate emissions. This emphasis has been driven largely by the availability of relatively straight forward fuel efficiency tests for biomass cookstoves developed 10–20 years ago and the ability of researchers to adapt current air pollution testing methods for stoves. In contrast there are no safety standards or hazard evaluations available for biomass cookstoves. Because of this the safety of the cookstove is seldom explicitly considered as a part of the design process. This paper addresses the basic safety issues that should be considered in the design of biomass stoves used in developing countries, describes the reasoning behind these safety issues, and proposes a set of safety guidelines for testing and evaluating stove safety. These guidelines are intended for testing and evaluating in the field as well as in the design lab.

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