scholarly journals Pesticide-induced multigenerational effects on amphibian reproduction and metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 145771
Author(s):  
Oskar Karlsson ◽  
Sofie Svanholm ◽  
Andreas Eriksson ◽  
Joseph Chidiac ◽  
Johanna Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphibian Reproduction ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Uncertainties Associated with Assessing the Risk of an Endocrine Active Substance in the Canadian Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Servos ◽  
Don Bennie ◽  
Kent Burnison ◽  
Philippa Cureton ◽  
Nicol Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract A number of biological responses and multigenerational effects, mediated through the disruption of endocrine systems, have been observed in biota exposed to relatively low concentrations of environmental contaminants. These types of responses need to be considered within a weight of evidence approach in our risk assessment and risk management frameworks. However, including endocrine responses in an environmental risk assessment introduces a number of uncertainties that must be considered. A risk assessment of nonylphenol and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NP/NPE) is used as a case study to demonstrate the sources and magnitude of some of the uncertainties associated with using endocrine disruption as an assessment endpoint. Even with this relatively well studied group of substances, there are substantial knowledge gaps which contribute to the overall uncertainties, limiting the interpretation within the risk assessment. The uncertainty of extrapolating from in vitro or biochemical responses to higher levels of organization or across species is not well understood. The endocrine system is very complex and chemicals can interact or interfere with the normal function of endocrine systems in a number of ways (e.g., receptors, hormones) which may or may not result in an adverse responses in the whole organism. Using endocrine responses can lead to different conclusions than traditional endpoints due to a variety of factors, such as differences in relative potencies of chemicals for specific endpoints (e.g., receptor binding versus chronic toxicity). The uncertainties can also be considerably larger and the desirability of using endocrine endpoints should be carefully evaluated. Endocrine disruption is a mode of action and not a functional endpoint and this needs to be considered carefully in the problem formulation stage and the interpretation of the weight of evidence.

scholarly journals Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna : From a subcellular to a population level

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita R. Silva ◽  
Cátia S.A. Santos ◽  
Nuno G.C. Ferreira ◽  
Rui Morgado ◽  
Diogo N. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

scholarly journals Multiple generations of antibiotic exposure and isolation influence host fitness and the microbiome in a model zooplankton species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reilly O. Cooper ◽  
Sarah Tjards ◽  
Jessica Rischling ◽  
David T. Nguyen ◽  
Clayton E. Cressler
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Host Fitness ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Multigenerational Effects ◽  
And Function

AbstractBackgroundChronic antibiotic exposure impacts host health through changes to the microbiome, increasing disease risk and reducing the functional repertoire of community members. The detrimental effects of antibiotic perturbation on microbiome structure and function after one host generation of exposure have been well-studied. However, much less is understood about the multigenerational effects of antibiotic exposure and how the microbiome may recover across host generations.ResultsIn this study, we examined microbiome composition and host fitness across five generations of exposure to a suite of three antibiotics in the model zooplankton host Daphnia magna. By utilizing a split-brood design where half of the offspring from antibiotic-exposed parents were allowed to recover and half were maintained in antibiotics, we aimed to examine recovery and resilience of the microbiome. Unexpectedly, we discovered that experimental isolation of single host individuals across generations also exerted a strong effect on microbiome composition, with composition becoming less diverse over generations regardless of treatment. Simultaneously, Daphnia magna body size and cumulative reproduction increased across generations while survival decreased. Though antibiotics did cause substantial changes to microbiome composition, the microbiome generally became similar to the no antibiotic control treatment within one generation of recovery no matter how many prior generations were spent in antibiotics.ConclusionsContrary to results found in vertebrate systems, Daphnia magna microbiome composition recovers quickly after antibiotic exposure. However, our results suggest that the isolation of individual hosts leads to the stochastic extinction of rare taxa in the microbiome, indicating that these taxa are likely maintained via transmission in host populations rather than intrinsic mechanisms. This may explain the intriguing result that microbiome diversity loss increased host fitness.

Multigenerational effects of maternal cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy on sperm counts of F1 and F2 male offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Lee ◽  
Na Young Choi ◽  
Yo Seph Park ◽  
Seung-Won Lee ◽  
Jin Seok Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Multigenerational Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Roberts ◽  
El Hamidi Hay
Keyword(s):  
Multigenerational Effects

Multigenerational Effects of Education Reform: Mother’s Education and Children’s Human Capital in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-729
Author(s):  
Vinish Shrestha ◽  
Rashesh Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
National Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
National Education System ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
Multigenerational Effects ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of national efforts to increase supply of education, such as Nepal’s National Education System Plan, may vary across social groups due to differences in social factors that determine access to and demand for education. This paper studies the heterogeneous impact of this reform across gender and caste groups—two important social dimensions in Nepal’s context—over two generations. It uses data from the Nepal National Population and Housing Census 2011 and implements a difference-in-differences framework that utilizes across district variation in intensity of the reform measured by placement of trained teachers per 100 children and across cohort variation in exposure determined by birth year. The study finds that the reform improved females’ education attainment, but such positive effects are not present among women belonging to lower-caste subgroups. In addition, it finds that the reform had positive effects on schooling of the next generation; the multigenerational effects are also concentrated among girls from higher-caste households. The study validates its main findings by conducting a placebo exercise on a sample of individuals who had surpassed their school-going age by the time of the reform.

Multigenerational effects of cadmium on the lifespan and fertility of Drosophila melanogaster

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 125533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingran Yang ◽  
Yan Han ◽  
Yun Mu ◽  
Pingping Yang ◽  
Wei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Multigenerational effects of chronic maternal exposure to a high sugar/fat diet and physical training

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Martins Terra ◽  
Tamiris Schaeffer Fontoura ◽  
Audryo Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Jéssica Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Paulo Cézar de Freitas Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Maternal Exercise ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

AbstractPregnant individuals who overeat are more likely to predispose their fetus to the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Physical training is a prevention and treatment interventional strategy that could treat these disorders, since it improves metabolism and body composition. This study assessed the protective effect of physical exercise against possible metabolic changes in generations F1 and F2, whose mothers were subjected to a high-sugar/high-fat (HS/HF) diet. Wistar rats belonging to generation F0 were distributed into four groups (n = 10): sedentary control (CSed), exercised control (CExe), sedentary HS/HF diet (DHSed) and exercised HS/HF diet (DHExe). From 21 to 120 days of age, maintained during pregnancy and lactation period, CSed/CExe animals received standard feed and DHSed/DHExe animals a HS/HF diet. Animals from the CExe/DHExe underwent physical training from 21 to 120 days of age. Male and female F1 and F2 received a normocaloric feed and did not perform any physical training, categorized into four groups (n = 10) according to the maternal group to which they belonged to. An increase in body weight, adiposity and glucose, and a change in lipid profile in F0 were observed, while exercise reduced the biochemical parameters comparing DHSed with DHExe. Maternal exercise had an effect on future generations, reducing adiposity, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and preventing deleterious effects on glucose tolerance. Maternal overeating increased health risks both for mother and offspring, demonstrating that an HS/HF diet intake promotes metabolic alterations in the offspring. Importantly, the physical training performed by F0 proved to be protective against such effects.

Multigenerational Effects of Early-Life Health Shocks

Demography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1855-1874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Justin Cook ◽  
Jason M. Fletcher ◽  
Angela Forgues
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Health Shocks ◽  
Multigenerational Effects
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