Graphene oxide-PEG: An effective anti-wax precipitation nano-agent in crude oil transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100017
Author(s):  
Iman Jaberi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Saeid Rasouli
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Oil Transportation

scholarly journals Safety Study on Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipeline

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Bin Yao ◽  
Deyin Zhao ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics

The Shunbei crude oil pipeline is prepared to use the unheated transportation process to transport waxy crudes. However, the wax formation in the pipeline is unknown. In order to predict the wax deposition of the pipeline, the physical property experiment of Shunbei crude oil was carried out through field sampling. The density, freezing point, hydrocarbon composition, and viscosity–temperature characteristics of crude oil are obtained. The cloud point and wax precipitation characteristics of the crude oil were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis method. Then, the wax deposition rate of the pipeline was predicted by two methods: OLGA software and wax deposition kinetic model. Finally, the optimal pigging cycle of the pipeline was calculated on this basis. The results show that: Shunbei crude oil is a light crude oil with low wax content, a low freezing point, and a high cloud point. Comparing the OLGA simulation results with the calculation results of the Huang Qiyu model, the development trend of wax deposition along the pipeline was the same under different working conditions. The relative error of the maximum wax layer thickness was 6%, proving that it is feasible for OLGA to simulate wax deposition in long-distance crude oil pipelines. Affected by the wax precipitation characteristics of Shunbei crude oil, there was a peak of wax precipitation between the pipeline section where crude oil temperature was 9.31–13.31 °C and the recommended pigging cycle at the lowest throughput was 34 days in winter and 51 days in spring and autumn.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Resilience of a Complex Network for Crude Oil Transportation on the Maritime Silk Road

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 181311-181325
Author(s):  
Naixia Mou ◽  
Shuyue Sun ◽  
Tengfei Yang ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Yunhao Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Maritime Silk Road

scholarly journals Unavoidable Destroyed Exergy in Crude Oil Pipelines due to Wax Precipitation

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Qinglin Cheng ◽  
JinWei Yang ◽  
Anbo Zheng ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Yifan Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Waxy Crude ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Operation Parameters

Based on the technological requirements related to waxy crude oil pipeline transportation, both unavoidable and avoidable destroyed exergy are defined. Considering the changing characteristics of flow pattern and flow regime over the course of the oil transportation process, a method of dividing station oil pipelines into transportation intervals is suggested according to characteristic temperatures, such as the wax precipitation point and abnormal point. The critical transition temperature and the specific heat capacity of waxy crude oil are calculated, and an unavoidable destroyed exergy formula is derived. Then, taking the Daqing oil pipeline as an example, unavoidable destroyed exergy in various transportation intervals are calculated during the actual processes. Furthermore, the influential rules under various design and operation parameters are further analyzed. The maximum and minimum unavoidable destroyed exergy are 381.128 kJ/s and 30.259 kJ/s. When the design parameters are simulated, and the maximum unavoidable destroyed exergy is 625 kJ/s at the diameter about 250 mm. With the increase of insulation layer thickness, the unavoidable destroyed exergy decreases continuously, and the minimum unavoidable destroyed exergy is 22 kJ/s at 30 mm. And the burial depth has little effect on the unavoidable destroyed exergy. When the operation parameters are simulated, the destroyed exergy increases, but it is less affected by the outlet pressure. The increase amplitude of unavoidable destroyed exergy will not exceed 2% after the throughput rises to 80 m3/h. When the outlet temperature increases until 65 °C, the loss increase range will not exceed 4%. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for the safe and economical transportation of waxy crude oil.

Characterization of the wax precipitation in Iranian crude oil based on wax appearance temperature (WAT): The influence of ultrasonic waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 1202 ◽  
pp. 127239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Taheri-Shakib ◽  
Ali Shekarifard ◽  
Ezatallah Kazemzadeh ◽  
Hassan Naderi ◽  
Mahyar Rajabi-Kochi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Wax Appearance Temperature

Design and Construction of Pipeline Integrated Oil Storage Caverns

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Broyles ◽  
Paul Dusseault ◽  
Frank Vanden Elsen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Salt Caverns ◽  
Design And Construction ◽  
Storage Facilities

In response to industry demand, Hardisty Caverns Limited Partnership (HCLP) has developed cost effective underground storage facilities with a capacity to store 480,000 m3 (3 million barrels) of crude oil. This project is unique through the integration of existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Annually, 64 million cubic meters (400 million barrels) of oil move through this hub. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s. Significant work was required to upgrade the cavern facilities and to construct new surface facilities to integrate the caverns into the crude oil transportation hub. Remote operation of the facility is performed from a control centre in Edmonton. In this paper, the key features of the design and construction of the Hardisty Cavern Storage Project will be presented. Of particular interest are the unique challenges presented due to hydraulic considerations related to cavern operation with multiple product characteristics and to provide crude oil movements exchanges between the cavern storage facilities and both low flow rate feeder pipelines and high flow rate transportation pipelines.

scholarly journals Magnetically recoverable magnetite-reduced graphene oxide as a demulsifier for surfactant stabilized crude oil-in-water emulsion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0232490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hui Yau ◽  
Cheng Seong Khe ◽  
Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed ◽  
Chin Wei Lai ◽  
Kok Yeow You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion
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