A reactive vaccination campaign with single dose oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Cameroon

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1290-1296
Author(s):  
Adidja Amani ◽  
Collins A. Tatang ◽  
Christian N. Bayiha ◽  
Marcel Woung ◽  
Solange Ngo Bama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Reactive Vaccination

scholarly journals Use of surveys to evaluate an integrated oral cholera vaccine campaign in response to a cholera outbreak in Hoima district, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038464
Author(s):  
Godfrey Bwire ◽  
Mellisa Roskosky ◽  
Anne Ballard ◽  
W Abdullah Brooks ◽  
Alfred Okello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Coverage Rates

ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality and coverage of the campaign to distribute oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Hoima, Uganda to guide future campaigns of cholera vaccine.DesignSurvey of communities targeted for vaccination to determine vaccine coverage rates and perceptions of the vaccination campaign, and a separate survey of vaccine staff who carried out the campaign.SettingHoima district, Uganda.ParticipantsRepresentative clusters of households residing in the communities targeted for vaccination and staff members who conducted the vaccine campaign.ResultsAmong 209 households (1274 individuals) included in the coverage survey, 1193 (94%; 95% CI 92% to 95%) reported receiving at least one OCV dose and 998 (78%; 95% CI 76% to 81%) reported receiving two doses. Among vaccinated individuals, minor complaints were reported by 71 persons (5.6%). Individuals with ‘some’ education (primary school or above) were more knowledgeable regarding the required OCV doses compared with non-educated (p=0.03). Factors negatively associated with campaign implementation included community sensitisation time, staff payment and problems with field transport. Although the campaign was carried out quickly, the outbreak was over before the campaign started. Most staff involved in the campaign (93%) were knowledgeable about cholera control; however, 29% did not clearly understand how to detect and manage adverse events following immunisation.ConclusionThe campaign achieved high OCV coverage, but the surveys provided insights for improvement. To achieve high vaccine coverage, more effort is needed for community sensitisation, and additional resources for staff transportation and timely payment for campaign staff is required. Pretest and post-test assessment of staff training can identify and address knowledge and skill gaps.

scholarly journals Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 375 (7) ◽  
pp. e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Azman ◽  
Francisco J. Luquero
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Dose Oral

Vaxchora: A Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cabrera ◽  
Jayne E. Lepage ◽  
Karyn M. Sullivan ◽  
Sheila M. Seed
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Dose Oral

scholarly journals Implementation research: reactive mass vaccination with single-dose oral cholera vaccine, Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Poncin ◽  
Gideon Zulu ◽  
Caroline Voute ◽  
Eva Ferreras ◽  
Clara Mbwili Muleya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Dose Oral

Evidence for CVD 103-HgR as an effective single-dose oral cholera vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S Jackson ◽  
Wilbur H Chen
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Dose Oral

scholarly journals Achieving coordinated national immunity and cholera elimination in Haiti through vaccination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Lee ◽  
Dennis L. Chao ◽  
Joseph Lemaitre ◽  
Laura Matrajt ◽  
Damiano Pasetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Cholera Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Water And Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

SummaryBackgroundCholera was introduced into Haiti in 2010. Since, there have been over 820,000 reported cases and nearly 10,000 deaths. The year 2019 has seen the lowest reported number of cases since the epidemic began. Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is safe and effective, but has generally not been seen as a primary tool for cholera elimination due to a limited period of protection and constrained supplies. Regionally, epidemic cholera is contained to the island of Hispaniola. Hence, Haiti may represent a unique opportunity to eliminate cholera by use of OCV.MethodsWe assess the probability of elimination and the potential health impact of OCV use in Haiti by leveraging simulations from four independent modeling teams. For a 10-year projection period, we compared the impact of five vaccination campaign scenarios, differing in geographic scope, vaccination coverage, and rollout duration to a status quo scenario without vaccination. Teams used common calibration data and assumptions for vaccine efficacy and vaccination scenarios, but all other model features and assumptions were determined independently.FindingsA two-department OCV campaign proposed in Haiti’s national plan for elimination had less than 50% probability of elimination across models, and only ambitious, nationwide campaigns had a high probability of reaching this goal. Despite their low probability of elimination, two-department campaigns averted a median of 13-58% of infections across models over the five years after the start of vaccination campaigns; a nationwide campaign implemented at the same coverage and rollout duration averted a median of 58-95% of infections across models.InterpretationDespite recent declines in cholera cases in Haiti, bold action is needed to promote elimination of cholera from the region. Large-scale cholera vaccination campaigns in Haiti offer the opportunity to synchronize nationwide immunity, providing near-term protection to the population while improvements to water and sanitation infrastructure create an environment favorable to long-term cholera elimination.Research in ContextEvidence before this studyWe searched PubMed without language or date restrictions on October 4, 2019 for all records matching (“cholera*” AND “Haiti” AND (“vaccin*” OR “elim*”)) in any field and added one known article on the probability of elimination of cholera that was not indexed by PubMed to our review. Of 94 results, four articles were not about the cholera outbreak in Haiti or the use of cholera vaccination, and 34 were not original research articles. Fourteen articles presented research on cholera biology or cholera vaccine biology, either through discussion of Vibrio cholerae genetics, immunogenicity of oral cholera vaccine (OCV), or prospective vaccine candidate antigens. Twenty articles assessed OCV vaccine effectiveness, evaluated OCV campaign implementation or attitudes and knowledge about cholera control, or presented lessons learned on outbreak response and policy as a result of the Haiti cholera outbreak. Seven articles were about general cholera outbreak epidemiology in Haiti, and six articles were related to cholera transmission models outside our research scope.Of the nine remaining articles, five examined the impact of potential OCV campaigns at an early time point when Haiti’s cholera outbreak still exhibited epidemic dynamics, and one other projected the impact of the OCV campaigns planned after Hurricane Matthew in 2016. Two of the articles considered prospects for cholera elimination in Haiti in 2013 and 2014 and found that further targeted interventions were needed. One final study from 2017 modeled the possibility for OCV campaigns to eliminate cholera transmission in the Ouest department within a few years.Added value of this studyPrevious assessments of the impact of OCV use in Haiti occurred during early points of the outbreak when OCV campaigns were unlikely to lead to cholera elimination. Our study projects cholera transmission in Haiti with multiple years of more recent data, and directly examines prospect of cholera elimination in the status quo and under various mass OCV campaign scenarios. In bringing together results from multiple modeling teams, our study provides robust evidence about the current state of cholera transmission across Haiti and the potential impact of multiple mass OCV campaign scenarios.Implications of all of the available evidenceWhile 2019 has seen the lowest number of cholera cases in Haiti since the outbreak began, model simulations suggest that it may be possible for cholera transmission to persist without additional cholera control interventions.While a single two-department vaccination campaign may avert roughly 13-58% of infections with V. cholerae over a five year period, only a nationwide campaign led to a high probability of cholera elimination. Ambitious nationwide vaccination campaigns may break the cycle of endemic cholera transmission in Haiti as long-term improvements to water and sanitation infrastructure, which will limit the effects of potential re-introductions of Vibrio cholerae, are being made.

scholarly journals Update on CVD 103-HgR single-dose, live oral cholera vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCarty ◽  
Lisa Bedell ◽  
Paul-Andre de Lame ◽  
David Cassie ◽  
Michael Lock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cholera Vaccine ◽  
Oral Cholera Vaccine
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