Preservation of Motor Function After Resection of Lower-Grade Glioma at the Precentral Gyrus and Prediction by Presurgical Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetoencephalography

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1045.e5-1045.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Izutsu ◽  
Manabu Kinoshita ◽  
Takufumi Yanagisawa ◽  
Katsuhiko Nakanishi ◽  
Mio Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lower Grade Glioma

Examination of processing speed deficits in multiple sclerosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN M. GENOVA ◽  
FRANK G. HILLARY ◽  
GLENN WYLIE ◽  
BART RYPMA ◽  
JOHN DELUCA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Group Processing

AbstractAlthough it is known that processing speed deficits are one of the primary cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying neural mechanisms responsible for impaired processing speed remain undetermined. Using BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging, the current study compared the brain activity of 16 individuals with MS to 17 healthy controls (HCs) during performance of a processing speed task, a modified version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Task. Although there were no differences in performance accuracy, the MS group was significantly slower than HCs. Although both groups showed similar activation involving the precentral gyrus and occipital cortex, the MS showed significantly less cerebral activity than HCs in bilateral frontal and parietal regions, similar to what has been reported in aging samples during speeded tasks. In the HC group, processing speed was mediated by frontal and parietal regions, as well as the cerebellum and thalamus. In the MS group, processing speed was mediated by insula, thalamus and anterior cingulate. It therefore appears that neural networks involved in processing speed differ between MS and HCs, and our findings are similar to what has been reported in aging, where damage to both white and gray matter is linked to processing speed impairments (JINS, 2009, 15, 383–393).

scholarly journals Narcolepsy type 1 patients have abnormal brain activation to neutral-rated movies in humor-paradigm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde T. Juvodden ◽  
Dag Alnæs ◽  
Martina J. Lund ◽  
Espen Dietrichs ◽  
Per M. Thorsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Permutation Testing ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus

AbstractNarcolepsy type 1 is a neurological sleep disorder mainly characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmented night sleep, and cataplexy (muscle atonia triggered by emotions). To characterize brain activation patterns in response to neutral-rated and fun-rated movies in narcolepsy type 1 we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging during a paradigm consisting of 30 short movies (25/30 with a humorous punchline; 5/30 without a humorous punchline (but with similar build-up/anticipation)) that the participants rated based on their humor experience. We included 41 narcolepsy type 1 patients (31 females, mean age 23.6 years, 38/41 H1N1-vaccinated, 41/41 HLA-DQB1*06:02-positive, 40/40 hypocretin-deficient) and 44 first-degree relatives (24 females, mean age 19.6 years, 30/44 H1N1-vaccinated, 27/44 HLA-DQB1*06:02-positive) as controls. Group-level inferences were made using permutation testing.Permutation testing revealed no significant differences in the average ratings of patients and controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed that both groups showed higher activations in response to fun-rated movies in several brain regions associated with humor processing, with no significant group differences. In contrast, patients showed significantly higher activation compared to controls during neutral-rated movies; including bilaterally in the thalamus, pallidum, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, cerebellum, brainstem and in the left precuneus, supramarginal gyrus and caudate.The presence of a humorous punchline in a neutral-rated movie is important since we found no brain overactivation for narcolepsy type 1 patients for movies without a humorous punchline (89.0% neutral-rated) compared with controls.Further, a comparison between fun-rated and neutral-rated movies revealed a pattern of higher activation during fun-rated movies in controls, patients showed no significant differentiation between these states. Group analyses revealed significantly stronger differentiation between fun-rated and neutral-rated movies in controls compared with patients, including bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus, thalamus, putamen, precentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, occipital areas, temporal areas, cerebellum and in the right hippocampus, postcentral gyrus, pallidum and insula.In conclusion, during neutral-rated movies, narcolepsy type 1 patients showed significantly higher activation in several cortical and subcortical regions previously implicated in humor and REM sleep, including the thalamus and basal ganglia. The relative lack of differentiation between neutral-rated and fun-rated movies in narcolepsy type 1 patients might represent insight into the mechanisms associated with cataplexy, in which a long-lasting hypervigilant state could represent risk (hypersensitivity to potential humorous stimuli) for the narcolepsy type 1 patients, which seem to have a lower threshold for activating the humor response, even during neutral-rated movies.

Monitoring of Motor Nerve Function Rehabilitation in Patients with Upper Extremity Hemiplegia Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1761-1770
Author(s):  
Ding Zhang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Liemi Huang ◽  
Lun Zhang ◽  
Xinghua Gui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Areas

Through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, it is planned to use complex brain network technology to track brain functional imaging tracking treatment of stroke hemiplegia with scalp acupuncture. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can continuously monitor the rehabilitation process of motor nerve function in patients with stroke and upper limb hemiplegia, and explore the mechanism of brain plasticity changes at different levels of neural function cortex, motor function neural circuit, and behavior level. First, the fMRI test uses a block design, and the subjects complete the movement of the thumb and index finger. After completing the dysfunction assessment, fMRI data collection was performed on the patient before the CIMT treatment using a magnetic resonance apparatus, and a second fMRI data collection was performed 2 weeks after the CIMT treatment; only one fMRI data collection was performed on the volunteers. The functional magnetic resonance data was processed using the AFNI software package, and the functional scores of subjects were calculated using SPSS software. Second, studying the remodeling of residual brain tissue and functional compensation pathways can help to further clarify the recovery mechanism of motor function after stroke hemiplegia. Finally, compulsory exercise therapy can effectively improve upper limb motor dysfunction in stroke patients. The forced use of upper extremities during treatment induces the reorganization and compensation of cerebral cortical functional areas. This change in brain functional areas is consistent with the increase of upper extremity movement and improvement of motor function, fMRI can provide neuronal reorganization after exercise therapy evidence with compensation.

Study on the Immediate Effect of Passive Motion in Patients with Hemiplegia Based on Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1693-1703
Author(s):  
Jian Tao ◽  
Weili Hu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Healthy Side

In order to explore the immediate effect of passive motion in patients with hemiplegia based on brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a total of 100 patients, who were diagnosed as stroke hemiplegia and underwent fMRI examination at a hospital designated by this study from December 2016 to December 2018, were chose as study subjects and were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method with 50 cases of patients in each group. The fMRI examinations were performed in the 2 groups of patients within 1 week after treatment; 10 voxels were taken as effective activating voxels to obtain statistical parameter maps for region of interest analysis; and bilateral cerebral hemispheres, sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area were selected as the region of interest to calculate the number of activated voxels respectively; the clinical neurological deficit scale, simplified motor function scale, and functional independence assessment table are used for the evaluation of the 2 groups of patients at the beginning and after 8 weeks of treatment. The results show that all patients’ fMRI examinations are characterized by motor function area cerebral infarction or corresponding corticospinal tract cerebral infarction; the healthy side finger movement function area is basically normal in the brain function imaging examination; the cortical signal regions are concentrated in the vicinity of the central frontal first motion zone and the central posterior proprioception zone with strong repeatability when the active, passive and resistance-inducing active movements are respectively performed on the healthy side; and the contralateral sensorimotor cortex and bilateral auxiliary exercise areas were activated. The hemiplegia patients had increased activation of the hemisphere during hand movement, and the fMRI results were basically the same as those of the normal subjects. Therefore, the fMRI examination can provide imaging data for cortical functional zone localization of active and passive movements of the fingers, and provide assistance for clinical rehabilitation and prognosis assessment. The results of this study provide a reference for further researches on the immediate effects of passive motion in patients with hemiplegia based on brain functional magnetic resonance imaging.

scholarly journals Tongue Posture, Tongue Movements, Swallowing, and Cerebral Areas Activation: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Scoppa ◽  
Sabina Saccomanno ◽  
Gianluca Bianco ◽  
Alessio Pirino
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tongue Protrusion ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Parietal Lobule

The aim of this study was to pinpoint the cerebral regions implicated during swallowing by comparing the brain activation areas associated with two different volitional movements: tongue protrusion and tongue elevation. Twenty-four healthy subjects (11—males 22 ± 2.9 y; 13—females 23 ± 4.1 y; were examined through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing two different swallowing tasks: with tongue protrusion and with tongue elevation. The study was carried out with the help of fMRI imaging which assesses brain signals caused by changes in neuronal activity in response to sensory, motor or cognitive tasks. The precentral gyrus and the cerebellum were activated during both swallowing tasks while the postcentral gyrus, thalamus, and superior parietal lobule could be identified as large activation foci only during the protrusion task. During protrusion tasks, increased activations were also seen in the left-middle and medial frontal gyrus, right thalamus, inferior parietal lobule, and the superior temporal gyrus (15,592-voxels; Z-score 5.49 ± 0.90). Tongue elevation activated a large volume of cortex portions within the left sub-gyral cortex and minor activations in both right and left inferior parietal lobules, right postcentral gyrus, lentiform nucleus, subcortical structures, the anterior cingulate, and left insular cortex (3601-voxels; Z-score 5.23 ± 0.52). However, the overall activation during swallowing tasks with tongue elevation, was significantly less than swallowing tasks with tongue protrusion. These results suggest that tongue protrusion (on inferior incisors) during swallowing activates a widely distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas than tongue elevation (on incisor papilla), suggesting a less economic and physiologically more complex movement. These neuromuscular patterns of the tongue confirm the different purpose of elevation and protrusion during swallowing and might help professionals manage malocclusions and orofacial myofunctional disorders.

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