President’s Page: Documenting the economic costs and benefits of nutrition services

1989 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-550
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Nutrition Services

scholarly journals Mapping the Economic Costs and Benefits of Conservation

PLoS Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Naidoo ◽  
Taylor H Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs

Fertility and Occupation: Mining Districts in Prewar Japan

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
Carl Mosk
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
Fertility Differentials ◽  
Constrained Choice ◽  
Mining Districts

Many theories of demographic transition stem from attempts to explain fertility differentials across economic and social groups. These differentials typically emerge once a decline in natality commences. Thus it is commonly observed that the fertility of urban populations falls short of that recorded for agricultural districts, that the upper classes tend to precede the working classes in the adaptation of family limitation, and the like. These observations are, in turn, used to justify economic and sociological theories which, by associating both social status and economic costs and benefits with occupation and residence, account for the fertility decline in terms of status and constrained choice.

scholarly journals Acceptance of Telepathology in Daily Practice

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mairinger
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Knowledge Barriers

The availability of pathology services differs greatly in our environment. Although pathology would be especially suitable for being practised at a distance by transporting digital image information, the spread of telepathology into everyday work still is relatively slow.The article describes the situation of diffusion of this innovative technology by reviewing the literature and discussing this in context to data based on questionnaires dealing with the acceptance of telepathology. The current situation of telepathology can be discussed by five items for innovation spead: (1) communication and influence; (2) economic costs and benefits; (3) knowledge barriers and learning; (4) feasibility of techniques offered for the demands of the users; (5) clarification of the legal status and other factors concerning international collaboration. All these head lines do not represent realistic obstacles for the more widespread use of telepathology. The real drawbacks may therefore be found behind certain professional habits of pathologists. The most important causes may be that (a) telediagnosis is not as easy as it may seem at the first glance; (b) telepathology is seen as a potential highway to a world‐wide competition of pathology service providers. As soon as these mostly unjustified prejudices are corrected and telepathology is percepted as additional technique in pathology, it will become a diagnostic tool as common and as useful as the telephone.

scholarly journals Economic Integration, Legitimacy and European Union Enlargement

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Andreas P. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
New Members ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Eu Membership

Abstract The enlargement of the European Union generates socio-economic costs and benefits for the citizens of new members and as such it is bound to affect their perceived legitimacy of the whole enterprise. The legitimacy of EU accession is likely to be enhanced by the inclusion of compensatory transfers and transition periods in the terms of accession, by the perception that EU membership represents the most favorable terms of exchange available and by the linking of accession to a sustained period of economic growth, a favorable movement in prices, improving relative incomes and the consolidation of a level playing field across new members.

scholarly journals Costs and benefits of interventions aimed at major infectious disease threats: lessons from the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329-1350
Author(s):  
Klas Kellerborg ◽  
Werner Brouwer ◽  
Pieter van Baal
Keyword(s):  
High Income ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Major Infectious Disease ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
H1n1 Outbreak

Abstract Pandemics and major outbreaks have the potential to cause large health losses and major economic costs. To prioritize between preventive and responsive interventions, it is important to understand the costs and health losses interventions may prevent. We review the literature, investigating the type of studies performed, the costs and benefits included, and the methods employed against perceived major outbreak threats. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS for studies concerning the outbreaks of SARS in 2003, H5N1 in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, Cholera in Haiti in 2010, MERS-CoV in 2013, H7N9 in 2013, and Ebola in West-Africa in 2014. We screened titles and abstracts of papers, and subsequently examined remaining full-text papers. Data were extracted according to a pre-constructed protocol. We included 34 studies of which the majority evaluated interventions related to the H1N1 outbreak in a high-income setting. Most interventions concerned pharmaceuticals. Included costs and benefits, as well as the methods applied, varied substantially between studies. Most studies used a short time horizon and did not include future costs and benefits. We found substantial variation in the included elements and methods used. Policymakers need to be aware of this and the bias toward high-income countries and pharmaceutical interventions, which hampers generalizability. More standardization of included elements, methodology, and reporting would improve economic evaluations and their usefulness for policy.

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