Natural history of severe reactions to foods in young children

The prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage is highest in teenagers and lowest in young children. In contrast, invasive meningococcal disease is most common in young children with a smaller secondary peak in teenagers. Data on carriage and disease were analysed to quantify the risks of infection and disease by age and serogroup. The forces of infection for serogroups B, C, other meningococci and Neisseria lactamica were modelled together with the risk of disease given infection for serogroups B and C, using maximum likelihood to fit the models to the available data. The risk of meningococcal disease given infection declines steeply through childhood and is higher for serogroup C than for serogroup B. The secondary peak in disease in teenagers appears to be explained mostly by increased transmission although there is a suggestion that other factors may also contribute. These analyses provide important insights and may be used to guide further data collection and modelling studies.

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The natural history of otitis media with effusion – a three-year study of the incidence and prevalence of abnormal tympanograms in four South West Hampshire Infant and First schools

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100128567 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 930-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

I. G. Williamson ◽

J. Dunleavey ◽

J. Bain ◽

D. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Young Children ◽

Otitis Media ◽

School Children ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

Annual Prevalence ◽

South West ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

British School ◽

History Of

AbstractOtitis media with effusion (OME) is both extremely common in young children, and variable in its duration and severity. This study aims to gather and consider new and reliable information about the incidence and prevalence of OME in British school children.Eight hundred and fifty-six school children aged five to eight years from four South West Hampshire schools were examined over a three-year period by tympanometry, a method used to detect OME (>90 per cent specificity and sensitivity) performed once per school term. Normal ears were recorded in 54.9 per cent of children throughout with 27 per cent recording evidence of effusion. However in only one out of 10 of the affected children did the fluid persist for a year or more. This impressive clearance is due in part to natural resolution, with the intervention of surgery occurring in about one in eight of the children with identified effusions.OME is more common in five-year-olds with an annual prevalence of 17 per cent compared to six per cent in eight-year-olds and is more common in the winter months. Because of the variability of the condition at least two screenings are recommended as a basis for good management.

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How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Hannes Rakoczy

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Intentional Stance ◽

Cognitive Capacities ◽

Shared Intentionality ◽

History Of ◽

Group Thinking ◽

Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

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The natural history of Crohn's disease: prevalence in Europe and the cancer risk

Colorectal Disease ◽

10.1046/j.1463-1318.2001.003s2051.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 51-53

Author(s):

M.D. Hellier

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Natural History ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

History Of

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