Capital punishment and homicide and rape rates in the united states: Time series and cross sectional regression analyses

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burley V. Bechdolt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Is There Shareholder Expropriation in the United States? An Analysis of Publicly Traded Subsidiaries

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Atanasov ◽  
Audra Boone ◽  
David Haushalter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subsidiary Performance ◽  
Abnormal Performance ◽  
Parent Companies

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between the performance and valuations of publicly traded subsidiaries in the United States and the ownership stake of their parent companies. Cross-sectional and time-series tests demonstrate that subsidiaries of parents that own a substantial minority stake exhibit negative peer-adjusted operating performance and are valued at a 23% median discount relative to peers. In contrast, majority-owned and fully divested subsidiaries show no abnormal performance or valuations. The results of our study indicate that the association between parent ownership and subsidiary performance is nonlinear and that some parents behave opportunistically toward their publicly traded subsidiaries.

Crime and the Use of Prisons in the United States: A Time Series Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee H. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correctional Policy

A recent article by David Biles reported a positive relationship between crime and imprisonment, using cross-sectional data from the United States, Australia, and Canada. This article extends his analysis, using two sets of time series data on crime and imprisonment rates for the United States as a whole. The unlagged correlations between the crime and imprisonment rates for 1941-57 and 1958-78 are not statistically signifi cant, but one of six lagged correlations from 1958-78 is significant, as are four of six from 1941-57. The inconsistency in correlation provides little guidance for the development of correctional policy. Considering these findings, William Nagel's support for a moratorium on prison construction takes on the color of a reasonable, and perhaps even conservative, reading of available policy and management data rather than a radical proposition for change.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of death by suicide in Brazil and in the United States: descriptive, cross-sectional time series study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Abuabara ◽  
Allan Abuabara ◽  
Carin Albino Luçolli Tonchuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Series Study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization recognizes suicide as a public health priority. Increased knowledge of suicide risk factors is needed in order to be able to adopt effective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the association between the Gini coefficient (which is used to measure inequality) and suicide death rates over a 14-year period (2000-2013) in Brazil and in the United States (US). The hypothesis put forward was that reduction of income inequality is accompanied by reduction of suicide rates. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional time-series study in Brazil and in the US. METHODS: Population, death and suicide death data were extracted from the DATASUS database in Brazil and from the National Center for Health Statistics in the US. Gini coefficient data were obtained from the World Development Indicators. Time series analysis was performed on Brazilian and American official data regarding the number of deaths caused by suicide between 2000 and 2013 and the Gini coefficients of the two countries. The suicide trends were examined and compared. RESULTS: Brazil and the US present converging Gini coefficients, mainly due to reduction of inequality in Brazil over the last decade. However, suicide rates are not converging as hypothesized, but are in fact rising in both countries. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that reduction of income inequality is accompanied by reduction of suicide rates was not verified.

scholarly journals Exercise routine change is associated with prenatal depression scores during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women across the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243188
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Gildner ◽  
Elise J. Laugier ◽  
Zaneta M. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise Routine

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected physical and mental health worldwide. Pregnant women already exhibit an elevated risk for depression compared to the general public, a pattern expected to be exacerbated by the pandemic. Certain lifestyle factors, including moderate exercise, may help support mental health during pregnancy, but it is unclear how the pandemic may impact these associations across different locations. Here, we test whether: (i) reported exercise routine alterations during the pandemic are associated with depression scores; and, (ii) the likelihood of reporting pandemic-related exercise changes varies between women living in metro areas and those in non-metro areas. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the COVID-19 And Reproductive Effects (CARE) study, an online survey of pregnant women in the United States. Participants were recruited April-June 2020 (n = 1,856). Linear regression analyses assessed whether reported COVID-19-related exercise change was associated with depression score as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Survey. Logistic regression analyses tested whether a participant’s Rural-Urban Continuum Code classification of “metro” was linked with higher odds of reporting exercise changes compared to a “non-metro” classification. Results Women who reported exercise changes during the pandemic exhibited significantly higher depression scores compared to those reporting no changes. Moreover, individuals living in metro areas of all sizes were significantly more likely to report exercise changes compared to women living in non-metro areas. Conclusions These results suggest that the ability to maintain an exercise routine during the pandemic may help support maternal mental health. It may therefore be prudent for providers to explicitly ask patients how the pandemic has impacted their exercise routines and consider altered exercise routines a potential risk factor for depression. An effort should also be made to recommend exercises that are tailored to individual space restrictions and physical health.

scholarly journals Examining A Decade Of Named Marketing Chairs In The United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra R. Kamath ◽  
Heidi Hylton Meier ◽  
S. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.6in 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">Named chairs in the academic field of marketing are examined for ten years providing time series and cross-sectional analysis to determine a profile of their personal characteristics and their schools.</span></p>

scholarly journals Firearm Purchasing and Firearm Violence in the First Months of the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia P. Schleimer ◽  
Christopher D. McCort ◽  
Veronica A. Pear ◽  
Aaron Shev ◽  
Elizabeth Tomsich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
Background Check ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nonfatal Injuries ◽  
Series Study

ABSTRACTImportanceFirearm violence is a significant public health and safety problem in the United States. A surge in firearm purchases following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic may increase rates of firearm violence.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between changes in firearm purchasing and interpersonal firearm violence during the coronavirus pandemic.DesignCross-sectional time series study. We estimate the difference between observed rates of firearm purchases and those predicted by seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models. Using negative binomial models, we then estimate the association between excess firearm purchases and rates of interpersonal firearm violence within states, controlling for confounders.SettingThe 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. Hawaii and Alaska are excluded due to missing or incomplete data.ExposureThe difference between observed and expected rates of firearm purchases in March through May 2020, approximated by National Instant Criminal Background Check System records.Main Outcome and MeasureFatal and nonfatal injuries from interpersonal firearm violence, recorded in the Gun Violence Archive.ResultsWe estimate that there were 2.1 million excess firearm purchases from March through May 2020—a 64.3% increase over expected volume, and an increase of 644.4 excess purchases per 100,000 population. We estimate a relative rate of death and injury from firearm violence of 1.015 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.005 to 1.025) for every 100 excess purchases per 100,000, in models that incorporate variation in purchasing across states and control for effects of the pandemic common to all states. This reflects an increase of 776 fatal and nonfatal injuries (95% CI: 216 to 1,335) over the number expected had no increase in purchasing occurred.Conclusions and RelevanceWe find a significant increase in firearm violence in the United States associated with the coronavirus pandemic-related surge in firearm purchasing. Our findings are consistent with existing research. Firearm violence prevention strategies may be particularly important during the pandemic.KEY POINTSQuestionIs the coronavirus-related surge in firearm purchasing associated with changes in rates of interpersonal firearm violence?FindingsThis cross-sectional time series study suggests the recent increase in firearm purchases—an estimated 2.1 million excess purchases nationally between March and May 2020—is associated with a statistically significant increase in firearm violence. We estimate an increase of 776 fatal and nonfatal injuries (95% CI: 216 to 1,335) in the US over the number expected for those months had there been no increase in purchasing.MeaningDuring the coronavirus pandemic, an acute increase in firearm access is associated with an increase in firearm violence.

Patterns of Immigration and Public Assistance Utilization, 1970–1980

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive

The recent surge in immigration to the United States has rekindled debate over the economic burden imposed by immigrants. This article explores the utilization of public assistance by immigrants and natives. The analysis goes beyond existing research by utilizing repeated cross-sectional data. Descriptive tables show that despite their higher poverty rates, immigrant families had only minimally higher public assistance recipiency rates compared to natives. Multivariate logistic regression analyses reveal that immigrant families were generally less likely than natives to receive public assistance, other things equal. There were exceptions to this generalization according to year of observation and race/ethnicity.

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