Gene expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 2 isozyme in human trophoblasts predicts distinct mechanisms regulating type 1 and type 2 enzymes

Placenta ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. A.69
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals The Role of Placental 11-Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and Type 2 Methylation on Gene Expression and Infant Birth Weight1

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Green ◽  
David A. Armstrong ◽  
Corina Lesseur ◽  
Alison G. Paquette ◽  
Dylan J. Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Infant Birth

scholarly journals 11?-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 in obesity and Type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Stulnig ◽  
W. Waldh�usl
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

GATA6 regulates differentiation of distal lung epithelium

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 2233-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghua Yang ◽  
Min Min Lu ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Whitsett ◽  
Edward E. Morrisey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Gata Factor ◽  
Lung Epithelium ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Distal Lung ◽  
Transgenic Embryos

GATA6 is a member of the GATA family of zinc-finger transcriptional regulators and is the only known GATA factor expressed in the distal epithelium of the lung during development. To define the role that GATA6 plays during lung epithelial cell development, we expressed a GATA6-Engrailed dominant-negative fusion protein in the distal lung epithelium of transgenic mice. Transgenic embryos lacked detectable alveolar epithelial type 1 cells in the distal airway epithelium. These embryos also exhibited increased Foxp2 gene expression, suggesting a disruption in late alveolar epithelial differentiation. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells, which are progenitors of alveolar epithelial type 1 cells, were correctly specified as shown by normal thyroid transcription factor 1 and surfactant protein A gene expression. However, attenuated endogenous surfactant protein C expression indicated that alveolar epithelial type 2 cell differentiation was perturbed in transgenic embryos. The number of proximal airway tubules is also reduced in these embryos, suggesting a role for GATA6 in regulating distal-proximal airway development. Finally, a functional role for GATA factor function in alveolar epithelial type 1 cell gene regulation is supported by the ability of GATA6 to trans-activate the mouse aquaporin-5 promoter. Together, these data implicate GATA6 as an important regulator of distal epithelial cell differentiation and proximal airway development in the mouse.

scholarly journals Course of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression during human gestation

2001 ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Schoof ◽  
M Girstl ◽  
W Frobenius ◽  
M Kirschbaum ◽  
R Repp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Human Placental Tissue ◽  
Human Placental Cells

BACKGROUND: During human pregnancy, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) plays an important role in protecting the fetus from high maternal glucocorticoid concentrations by converting cortisol to inactive cortisone. Furthermore, 11beta-HSD2 is indirectly involved in the regulation of the prostaglandin inactivating enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), because cortisol reduces the gene expression and enzyme activity of PGDH in human placental cells. OBJECTIVE: To examine developmental changes in placental 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH gene expression during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of human pregnancies. METHODS: In placental tissue taken from 20 healthy women with normal pregnancy and 20 placentas of 17 mothers giving birth to premature babies, 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH mRNA expression was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Placental mRNA expression of 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH increased significantly with gestational age (r=0.55, P=0.0002 and r=0.42, P=0.007). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the two enzymes (r=0.58, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In the course of pregnancy there is an increase in 11beta-HSD2 and PGDH mRNA expression in human placental tissue. This adaptation of 11beta-HSD2 prevents increasing maternal cortisol concentrations from transplacental passage and is exerted at the gene level. 11beta-HSD2 up-regulation may also lead to an increase in PGDH mRNA concentrations that, until term, possibly delays myometrial contractions induced by prostaglandins.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Cortisol-Induced 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression by Interleukin 1β in Cultured Human Chorionic Trophoblast Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 2490-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjiao Li ◽  
Lu Gao ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tao Duan ◽  
Leslie Myatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase

Chorion is the most abundant site of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) expression within intrauterine tissues. It is important to study the regulation of 11β-HSD1 expression in the chorion in terms of local cortisol production during pregnancy. Using real-time PCR and enzyme activity assay, we found that cortisol (1 μm) and IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 24 h significantly increased 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression and reductase activity in cultured human chorionic trophoblasts. A further significant increase of 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression and reductase activity was observed with cotreatment of cortisol and IL-1β. To explore the mechanism of induction, 11β-HSD1 promoter was cloned into pGL3 plasmid expressing a luciferase reporter gene. By transfecting the constructed vector into WISH cells, an amnion-derived cell line, we found that cortisol (1 μm) or IL-1β (10 ng/ml) significantly increased reporter gene expression. Likewise, an additional increase in reporter gene expression was observed with cotreatment of cortisol and IL-β. To explore the physiological significance of 11β-HSD1 induction in the chorion, we studied the effect of cortisol on cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase 2 expression. We found that treatment of chorionic trophoblast cells with cortisol (1 μm) induced both cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA expression. We conclude that cortisol up-regulates 11β-HSD1 expression through induction of promoter activity, and the effect was enhanced by IL-1β, suggesting that more biologically active glucocorticoids could be generated in the fetal membranes in the presence of infection, which may consequently feed forward in up-regulation of prostaglandin synthesis.

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