Interactive effects of cocaine and gender on thymocytes: a study of in vivo repeated cocaine exposure

Accurate hip joint center (HJC) location is critical when studying hip joint biomechanics. The HJC is often determined from anatomical methods, but functional methods are becoming increasingly popular. Several studies have examined these methods using simulations and in vivo gait data, but none has studied high-range of motion activities, such a chair rise, nor has HJC prediction been compared between males and females. Furthermore, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) marker visibility during chair rise can be problematic, requiring a sacral cluster as an alternative proximal segment; but functional HJC has not been explored using this approach. For this study, the quality of HJC measurement was based on the joint gap error (JGE), which is the difference in global HJC between proximal and distal reference segments. The aims of the present study were to: (1) determine if JGE varies between pelvic and sacral referenced HJC for functional and anatomical methods, (2) investigate which functional calibration motion results in the lowest JGE and if the JGE varies depending on movement type (gait versus chair rise) and gender, and (3) assess whether the functional HJC calibration results in lower JGE than commonly used anatomical approaches and if it varies with movement type and gender. Data were collected on 39 healthy adults (19 males and 20 females) aged 14–50 yr old. Participants performed four hip “calibration” tests (arc, cross, star, and star-arc), as well as gait and chair rise (activities of daily living (ADL)). Two common anatomical methods were used to estimate HJC and were compared to HJC computed using a published functional method with the calibration motions above, when using pelvis or sacral cluster as the proximal reference. For ADL trials, functional methods resulted in lower JGE (12–19 mm) compared to anatomical methods (13–34 mm). It was also found that women had significantly higher JGE compared to men and JGE was significantly higher for chair rise compared to gait, across all methods. JGE for sacrum referenced HJC was consistently higher than for the pelvis, but only by 2.5 mm. The results indicate that dynamic hip range of movement and gender are significant factors in HJC quality. The findings also suggest that a rigid sacral cluster for HJC estimation is an acceptable alternative for relying solely on traditional pelvis markers.

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Impact of Body Site, Age, and Gender on the Collagen/Elastin Index by Noninvasive in vivo Vertical Two-Photon Microscopy

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1159/000477854 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 260-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Carolin Czekalla ◽

Karl-Heinz Schönborn ◽

Nadine Döge ◽

Sora Jung ◽

Maxim E. Darvin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Site ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Two Photon Microscopy ◽

Two Photon ◽

And Gender

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Failure of Demonstrated Clinical Efficacy of Antibiotic-Bonded Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Catheters

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089001000115 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 57-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Stanley Z. Trooskin ◽

Richard A. Harvey ◽

T. w. J. Lennard ◽

Ralph S. Greco

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Clinical Report ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

To Receive

Previous in vitro, in vivo, and a preliminary clinical report have demonstrated efficacy of noncovalently bonding antibiotics to the surface of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPO) catheters in decreasing infectious complications. A larger prospective randomized clinical trial was completed. Eighty-six patients with chronic renal failure were enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either a surfactant treated or untreated control catheter. All catheters were soaked in cefoxitin at the time of insertion. Groups were comparable in terms of pre-existing illnesses, age, and gender. No differences were shown in the incidence of cathetertract infections, peritonitis or mechanical complications. There was also no differences in microbiologic culture results. Therefore, it is concluded that this clinical trial did not demonstrate a reduction in catheter-related infectious complications by antibiotic bonding.

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Sensitization of Rapid Dopamine Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell After Repeated Cocaine in Rats

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00413.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 922-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Nii A. Addy ◽

David P. Daberkow ◽

Jeremy N. Ford ◽

Paul A. Garris ◽

R. Mark Wightman

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Dopamine Release ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Nucleus Accumbens Core ◽

Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Uptake Inhibition ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Dopamine Signaling

Repeated cocaine exposure and withdrawal leads to long-term changes, including behavioral and dopamine sensitization to an acute cocaine challenge, that are most pronounced after long withdrawal periods. However, the changes in dopamine neurotransmission after short withdrawal periods are less well defined. To study dopamine neurotransmission after 1-day withdrawal, we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to determine whether repeated cocaine alters rapid dopamine release and uptake in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell. FSCV was performed in urethane anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats that had previously received one or seven daily injections of saline or cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip). In response to acute cocaine, subjects showed increased dopamine overflow that resulted from both increased dopamine release and slowed dopamine uptake. One-day cocaine pre-exposure, however, did not alter dopaminergic responses to a subsequent cocaine challenge. In contrast, 7-day cocaine-treated subjects showed a potentiated rapid dopamine response in both the core and shell after an acute cocaine challenge. In addition, kinetic analysis during the cocaine challenge showed a greater increase in apparent Km of 7-day cocaine exposed subjects. Together, the data provide the first in vivo demonstration of rapid dopamine sensitization in the NAc core and shell after a short withdrawal period. In addition, the data clearly delineate cocaine's release and uptake effects and suggest that the observed sensitization results from greater uptake inhibition in cocaine pre-exposed subjects.

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The Interactive Effects of Victim Race and Gender on Death Sentence Disparity Findings

Homicide Studies ◽

10.1177/1088767903262445 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 350-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marian R. Williams ◽

Jefferson E. Holcomb

Keyword(s):

Interactive Effects ◽

Death Sentence ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

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PSIX-3 Fast-growing and slow-growing broiler breeds had different response to feed energy level

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

Qiujuan Sun ◽

xiaomin li ◽

Rong xiang ◽

Guojun Wang ◽

wenbin li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Fast Growing ◽

High Feed ◽

And Gender ◽

Different Response ◽

Slow Growing

Abstract An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of feed energy on the fast-growing and slow-growing broilers. A total of 1080 1-d-old WOD168-1 and -2 broilers breeding by Yukou Poultry of both gender were assigned to 8 groups. A 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block design to study the effects of breeds (fast-/slow-growing breeds), feed energy (LOW: 2920, 3020 kcal/kg; HI: 3020, 3120 kcal/kg diet for 0–21 d and 22-42d, respectively), and gender (male and female), and the interactive effects. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to meet nutrient requirements of both breeds. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), and feed to gain ratio (F/G) were determined on d 21 and 42, and carcass compositions were determined on d 42. Results from d 0 to 21 indicated that BW, FI and F/G of both breeds decreased as feed energy increased; fast-growing breeds had higher BW and FI, and lower F/G when compared with slow-growing breeds. High feed energy had decreased BW of both breeds on d 42. While F/G from d 0 to 42 showed interactive effects between breeds and feed energy: high feed energy and fast-growing breeds had lowered F/G; while F/G of fast-growing breeds fed with increased feed energy decreased less than slow-growing breeds. Carcass composition measured on d 42 showed different results between breeds and feed energy. Semi-eviscerate rate was increased in fast-growing breeds, but decreased in slow-fasting breeds. In conclusion, different breeds of broilers had different response toward feed energy level.

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Selection biases that emerge when age meets gender

Journal of Managerial Psychology ◽

10.1108/jmp-07-2012-0204 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1028-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Enrica N. Ruggs ◽

Michelle R. Hebl ◽

Sarah Singletary Walker ◽

Naomi Fa-Kaji

Keyword(s):

Older Workers ◽

White Men ◽

Job Applicants ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Original Novel ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Content Type ◽

Gender And Age ◽

And Gender ◽

Stable Employment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effects of gender and age on evaluations of job applicants. Given the double jeopardy hypothesis, the authors might anticipate that older women would be denigrated most in hiring evaluations. However, given expectations of normative gender behavior, the authors might anticipate that older men would be penalized most for not already having stable employment. This study aims to examine which hypothesis best describes selection biases based on age and gender. Design/methodology/approach – Stimuli depicting male and female job applicants at the various ages were developed. The stimuli were standardized by collecting facial photos of older White men and women at ages 20, 40, and 60, and morphing these faces onto standardized bodies using Adobe Photoshop. Participants viewed six stimuli, one from each age by gender combination, and made evaluations across job relevant dimensions. Findings – Results showed an interaction between age and gender, such that older male applicants were evaluated more negatively than older female and younger male applicants. These findings support for the violation of gender normative behavior hypothesis. Practical implications – This study has implications for organizational leaders who can use this information to provide training for selection officers concerning biases against older workers and how to avoid them. Originality/value – Original, novel stimuli are used in an experimental design to examine the effects of age in employment in a standardized manner which controls for extraneous variables such as attractiveness across age.

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